Anti-nociceptive activity

S. L., 7-Nitro indazole, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, exhibits anti-nociceptive activity in the mouse... 

Antilipidemic activity. Triglycerides structured lipids from coconut oil, administered to rats at a dose of 10% of diet for 60 days, produced a 15% decrease in total cholesterol and a 23% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels in the serum compared to coconut oil-fed rats. Total and free cholesterol levels in the liver of structured lipid-fed rats were lowered by 31 and 36%, respectively. The triglycerides in the serum and liver were decreased by 14 and 30%, respectively " . Anti-nociceptive activity. Aqueous extract of the husk fiber, administered orally to mice at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, produced an inhibition of the acetic acid-induced writhing response . 

Calcutt CR, Doggett NS, Spencer PSl (1971) Modification of the anti-nociceptive activity of morphine by centrally administered ouabain and dopamine. Psychopharmacologia 21 111-117... 

Erythrina velutina Willd. - mulungu As a tranquilizer Relief bathing and bottled brews (ingestion) Afro-Brazilians [44] Flavonoids [127,128] Anti-nociceptive activity [261,262] central nervous system effects [263,264]... 

Similarly, Boyd and co-workers at the R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute used this reaction for the synthesis of several imidazolyl thiazole derivatives to study significant R2A/D adrenoceptor binding affinity and in vivo anti-nociceptive activity in mice as part of a program to develop analgesic agents. 

Comparing the anti-nociceptive activity of various compounds allows to conclude that there are two groups of Aconitum alkaloids exhibiting strcmg and moderate analgesic effects. 

Daphnanes (C5 (C7 C6) include a variety of cytotoxic, irritant, inflammatory and toxic compounds from the Thymelaeaceae and the Euphorbiaceae. Of particular note are the highly inflammatory PKC activators resiniferatoxin and tinyatoxin from Euphorbia species (Euphorbiaceae) and thymeleatoxin from Thymeka hirsuta (Thymelaeaceae). While the nonester resiniferonol is inactive, the ester (X—CO—O—Y) resiniferatoxin is both an anti-nociceptive vanilloid receptor (capsaicin receptor) agonist and a PKC activator, as is the ester tinyatoxin. 

Mentha piperita subsp. citrata Briq. -horteia Tranquilizer Branch (infusion, ingested) Caboclos [57] Essential oils [138,139] flavonoid glycosides [140,141] menthol [142] menthofurolactone [143,144] pyridine-derivatives [145] mintlactone [146] flavones [147] triterpenes [148] terpenoids [149] sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons [150] menthofuran [151,152], Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities [138,265] antiallergic effect [140] anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects [266]... 

The activation of nociceptors in the periphery produces messages which converge in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. This processes the nociceptive information and projects it to the cerebral cortex via a relay in the thalamus, eliciting pain [25]. These central nervous system mechanisms depend on a balance between pro-nociceptive (such as glutamate, P substance) and anti-nociceptive (such as opioids, cannabinoids) transmitter release and action. 

Some of the most commonly and frequently used spices throughout the world are hot peppers of the Capsicum family, of which capsaicin 23 is the major pungent ingredient. Because of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, topical application of capsaicin has been used for the treatment of a variety of neuropathic pain conditions. Autoradiographic visualization of a tritiated resiniferatoxin probe in tissues of various species identified the vanilloid receptor (VR) as a molecular target [73, 74]. Additionally, capsaicin was used as a molecular probe to isolate the first nociceptive receptor, VR1 [75], Characterization of VR1 revealed it to be a member of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channel family and a nonselective cation channel activated by capsaicin or elevated temperatures. 

In addition to its effects on cell growth, CLP elicits antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Peripheral antinociceptive activity was investigated by acetic acid-induced writhing model. CLP (0.1-100 mcM/kg) inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions dose dependently (1C50 = 0.0945). Central antinociceptive activity of CLP was demonstrated in the hot plate test. CLP (100 mcM/kg, p.o.) increased latency time 90, 120, and 150 min after treatment. Similarly, CLP caused an inhibition of nociception in formalin test. Anti-inflammatory activity of CLP was evaluated in capsaicin-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced peripheral inflammation tests. Following oral administration at a dose of 100 mcM/kg, CLP inhibited capsaicin-induced ear edema by 55.8% and reduced leukocyte migration to the inflammatory sites by 48.3% [61]. 

Rocha NF, Rios ER, Carvalho AM, Cerqueira GS, Lopes Ade A, Leal LK, Dias ML, de Sousa DP, de Sousa FC (2011) Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (—)-a-bisabolol in rodents. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 384(6) 525-533... 

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is the active ingredient in both the gel and patch formulations described in this chapter. Diclofenac inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), an early component of the arachidonic acid cascade, resulting in reduced formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and prostacyclin. It is not completely understood how reduced synthesis of these compounds results in therapeutic efficacy. The chief therapeutic effects of diclofenac are anti-inflammatory activity, anti-nociception and antipyresis. When applied topically (via gel or patch), diclofenac is absorbed into the epidermis. However, the amount of topical diclofenac absorbed and the ultimate systemic exposure is substantially less than that seen after oral administration of the compound. 

Other recently reported activities of saffron include antitussive, anticonvulsant, anti-nociceptive/anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. ... 

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