Lawns weeds

Lawns—United States. 2. Lawns— Weed control—United States. 

Lateral thinking Let the grass grow in summer—it will look better for longer in dry weather. Think of lawn weeds as wildflowers you might be tempted to develop the meadow look (see p.l24). 

Couch grass is a common aggressive garden and lawn weed. A good guide to plants and weeds will help you identify it. It s nice to know that after weeding out the invasive white rhizomes, you can dry them and use the tea or tincture for urinary frequency with burning pain in the prostate or urethra. 

The commercial use of 2,4-D has decreased substantially and (ca 1993) it has general use for home lawns to control broadleaved weeds it also is used on a limited basis to control broadleaved weeds in commercial moncotyledonous crops, eg, sugarcane. 2,4-D is used on citms when the fmit is 1/3 to 1 inch in diameter to increase fmit size and to limit fmit drop on trees more than six years old. It should not be appHed to trees that are in fliU flush. A further use includes treatment of harvested lemons at 500 mg/L to improve storage properties and to delay yeUowing (23). It is used in certain parts of the world to increase latex flow in old mbber tree plantations. 

Tuf Protection insects and weeds in lawns, parks, golf courses moles... 

The salts content of soils may be markedly altered by man s activities. The effect of cathodic protection will be discussed later in this section. Fertiliser use, particularly the heavy doses used in lawn care, introduces many chemicals into the soil. Industrial wastes, salt brines from petroleum production, thawing salts on walks and roads, weed-killing salts at the base of metal structures, and many other situations could be cited as examples of alteration of the soil solution. In tidal areas or in soils near extensive salt deposits, depletion of fresh ground-water supplies has resulted in a flow of brackish or salty sea water into these soils, causing increased corrosion. 

Each of the activities conducted on the lawn was categorized as rest, light activity, or heavy activity, as the type of activity influenced the breathing rate. Frisbee and touch football were classified as heavy activity (120 min) weeding was classified as light activity (30 min) and the combination of picnicking and sunbathing was classified as rest (90 min). The total duration of the activity period was 4 hr. 

In the past 10 years, chemical weed killers have replaced the machete and the hoe to a large extent in the tropics, especially in sugar cane fields. More than any other chemical, 2,4-D and its derivatives are used. Herbicides could also be used profitably to a greater extent in crops such as pineapple, rubber, rice, coffee, pastures, and lawns. Methods and chemicals used in Puerto Rico are described and results are compared with other areas. 

Table 4.1 and Table 4.2 show a summary of the weed and insect treatments advocated by several popular lawn care guides that we reviewed from the years 1891 through 1973. Several things are apparent. First, lawn care practices were relatively uniform before 1945, and depended on familiar strategies that changed little during this early period. In particular, all guides from the pre-World War... 

Enthusiasm for chemicals by the industry and the public, however, went largely unabated, and indeed the number and range of available and recommended chemicals began to multiply in this period, with specialized formulations targeted at specific weed and insect problems. Aldrin, carbaryl, diazinon, Dicamba, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP), chlorpyrifos, Carbaryl, Pyrethrum, and Dacthal (DCPA) all found their way to consumer markets in the next few years, capped by the arrival of glyphosate (known most commonly by its trade name Roundup ). Despite setbacks (as in the case of DDT), the chemical approach to lawn care has become normal and widespread, with more households using these chemicals every year. 

The short list of chemicals represents only a small fraction of the inputs applied throughout North America. Lindane, malathion, MCPP, metolachlor, metribuzin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, and pronamide are just a few other of the dozens of formulations for insect and weed control available at any hardware or home maintenance store. All of them are toxic to some degree or another, and question marks hang over many of them as to the risk they may pose for people and the ambient environment. The potential hazards of each of the chemicals described above hints at the range of contemporary hazards associated with lawn care. 

During an applicator certification seminar at Ohio State University Extension in 2004, when an ecologist running a training session asked rhetorically Are weeds really bad one lawn service owner answered glibly, No, they keep us in business To be sure, applicators are an immediate beneficiary of purified lawn aesthetics, and they know it. 

In explaining whether there were any circumstances under which he would increase his lawn chemical treatments, Patrick described his system of monitoring, which relied heavily on a notion of the view of his lawn by the neighbors. When weeds grow prominent,... 

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