Latin names anions

If the complex has an overall negative charge (an anionic complex), the suffix -ate is added to the stem of the metal s name. If the symbol of the metal originates from a Latin name (as listed in Appendix 2D), then the Latin stem is used. For example, the symbol for iron is Fe, from the Latin ferrum. Therefore, any anionic complex of iron ends with -ferrate followed by the oxidation number of the metal in Roman numerals ... 

The first and third examples illustrate a nuance of the naming rules. Iron and silver in anionic complexes are named by their Latin roots,/err- and argent-, from which their symbols (Fe and Ag) are derived. Metals taking their Latin names in anionic coordination complexes are listed in Table 20-4. 

Table 20-4 Latin Names of Metals in Anionic Complexes...

Metal (Greek or Latin name) Symbol Anionic name... 

Ligands are named first, starting with any anionic ones, and the name of the metal is followed without a space by the oxidation state in Roman numerals (or the Arabic 0, for zero-valent metal centers) in parentheses. If the complex as a whole is anionic, the metal name is made to end in -ate, which replaces endings such as -ium or -um (nickelate, chromate, tantalate) and is followed by the oxidation state. Where the chemical symbol is derived from a Latin name, the anion name is usually also Latinized cuprate, argentate, aurate, ferrate, stannate, plumbate—but mercurate is an exception. 

In naming the metal, use the ending -ate if the metal is in an anionic complex. Thus, [Fe(CN)6]3- is the hexacyanoferrate(III) anion. There are no simple rules for going from the name of the metal to the name of the metallate anion, partly because some of the anions have Latin names. Some common examples are given in Table 20.6. 

When the complex ion is an anion, the Latin name of the metal is used with the suffix -ate. 

Q You may also have noticed the term ferrate to describe iron. This is a by-product of the old naming system that used the Latin terms for elements instead of Roman numerals to indicate their names (and charges). In this naming system, these older Latin names of elements are given an -ate ending. Most of these older forms have been discarded, except they do appear here. The Latin names for elements are responsible for the symbols that may have been difficult for you to memorize because they don t start with the same letters as the elements, common names. Some examples of these older names and their use in naming anions in complexes are seen below ... 

Common English Name Latin Name and Symbol Anion Name (used in complex)... 

Even when the Latin name is used, the charge still must be written in parentheses next to the anion s name. 

TABLE 20.15 Latin Names Used for Some Metal Ions in Anionic Complex Ions... 

Elements are named in the same order as they appear in the formula (see above). Although there is no implication that the compound is ionic, the names ending in -ide are the same as those used for anions (e.g. fluoride, F ). For the elements listed in Table 1. anion names are derived not from English but from the Latin name which gives the chemical symbol. For example, CsAu is cesium auride. 

Notice that ate is added to the Latin name of a metal, if it exists. Anionic compiexes of copper therefore end in cuprate (from cuprum), whereas those of iron end in ferrate (from ferrum). 

We have come across one of the great bonding mechanisms because opposite charges attract one another, and cations and anions are oppositely charged, it follows that atoms that form these ions will clump together into a compound. Common salt, sodium chloride, is an excellent example of this type of compound formation. Sodium (Na, from its Latin name natrium) lies... 

The complete metal name consists of the name of the metal, followed by -ate if the complex is an anion, followed by the oxidation number of the metal as a Roman numeral in parentheses. (An oxidation state of zero is indicated by 0 in parentheses.) When there is a Latin name for the metal, it is usually used to name the anion. 

Boranes are usually named by indicating the number of B atoms with a latin prefix and the number of H atoms by an arabic number in parentheses, e.g. B5H9, pentaborane(9) B5H11, pentaboranefl 1). Names for anions end in ate rather than ane and specify both the number of H and B atoms and the charge, e.g. BsHs" octahydropentaboratefl—). Further information can be provided by the optional inclusion of the italicized descriptors closo-, nido-, arachno-, hypho- and conjuncto-, e.g. ... 

Anionic complexes always have names ending in ate. This will require a change in the name of the metal. Thus, aluminum would become aluminate, and zinc would become zincate. The only exceptions to this are some of the metals whose symbols are based on Latin or Greek names. These exceptions are ... 

Finally, there are monoatomic anions whose names in English, though derived as described above, are based on the Latin root of the element names. [See table inside back cover.] In these the ending -um or -ium is replaced by -ide... 

Some names of monoatomic anions are based on the root of the Latin element names. In these the ending W or ium is replaced by ide ... 

The suffix -ate at the end of the name of the complex signifies that it is an anion. If the complex is neutral or cationic, no suffix is used. The English stem is usually used for the metal, but where the naming of an anion is awkward, the Latin stem is substituted. Eor example, ferrate is used rather than ironate, and plumbate rather than leadate (Table 25-6). 

Table 1. Anion names derived from Latin roots the -ate form is used for complex anions...

Note that there is one K counter ion, so the complex anion has a charge of 1 —. The five CF ligands have a total charge of 5—, so Pt must be in the -1-4 oxidation state.) For some metals, we use the Latin root with the -ate ending, as shown in Table 22.7. For example, the name for Na4[FeBr6] is sodium hexabromoferrate(II)... 

Boranes and carboranes have structures in which their skeletal B- or C-atoms form triangular-faced polyhedra. There are basically three structural types, namely the closo- (an euphonious modification of the Greek clovo = cage, i. e., a complete or closed polyhedron), the nido (from Latin nest-like ) and the arachno- (from Greek cob-web ) structure. Each of these three types is adopted by cluster compounds of specific atomic ratios. c/o o-Structures occur in borane dianions B H , in car-borane anions (CB iH ) , and carboranes (C2B 2H ). Each skeletal atom has a single H-atom terminally attached by a bond directed outwards, away from the polyhedron center (see the example of BioHio in Fig. 3-1 below). Wo-Structures are adopted by boranes B H +4 and their related carboranes CB iH +3, C2H 2H +2 etc., and amc/z/2o-structures by boranes B H +6 and related carboranes CB iH +5, C2B 2H +4 etc. In other words, carboranes have the general formula [(CH) (BH) Hc] , where the sum a + c + x) is equal to 2 for a closo-structure, 4 for a /do-structure, and 6 for an amc/z o-structure. 

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