Metals origin

If the complex has an overall negative charge (an anionic complex), the suffix -ate is added to the stem of the metal s name. If the symbol of the metal originates from a Latin name (as listed in Appendix 2D), then the Latin stem is used. For example, the symbol for iron is Fe, from the Latin ferrum. Therefore, any anionic complex of iron ends with -ferrate followed by the oxidation number of the metal in Roman numerals ... 

In a factory manufacturing organo-iron and organo-manganese catalysts, use of cotton waste to mop up a spill of dilute hydrazine solution led to a spontaneous fire later. The fire was attributed to onset of rapid metal-catalysed decomposition of the hydrazine after sufficient water had evaporated from the waste, the traces of heavy metals originating from dust contamination, etc. 

An exchange of heavy metals between the bulk water phase and the biofilm takes place (Gutekunst, 1988). The concentrations of heavy metals in the biofilm may be considered indicative of the preceding wastewater transport of heavy metals. Heavy metals originating from short-term increases in concentration in the bulk water phase may be trapped in the biofilm and then be slowly released. 

Uses/Sources. Intermediate in organic synthesis, especially production of toluene diisocyanate and polymethylene poly-phenylisocyanate in metallurgy to separate ores by chlorination of the oxides and volatilization occurs as a product of combustion whenever a volatile chlorine compound comes in contact with a flame or very hot metal originally manufactured as an agent for chemical warfare during World War I... 

Filtration in Case 2 removed insoluble hydroxides from solution, and the resulting rate is much lower than the standard experiment (Case 1). The close agreement between results for Cases 1 and 3 shows that insoluble, colored precipitates are not involved in the reaction, the effective catalysis depending on the amount of metal in solution. On the other hand, there seems to be a saturation value of complex in solution since the results for Case 3 (metal originally present as hydroxide) and Case 4 (metal originally present as complex) are quite similar. 

This preparation is an illustration of the hydroformylation of olefins (oxo synthesis). The reaction occurs in the presence of soluble catalytic complexes containing metals of Group VIII of the periodic system. Although the metal originally used by Roelen and still largely used in the industry for the production of aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols is cobalt, the most active and selective catalysts are rhodium-containing compounds. The catalytic activity of the other Group VIII metals is in... 

The nse of complexation to allow codeposition of alloys is well known in electroplating. The best-known example is that of brass (Cu/Zn) plating, where cyanide, which is a stronger complex for Cu than it is for Zn, brings the deposition potentials of the two metals, originally far apart, to almost the same value. There is a direct connection between this effect and the equivalent one for CD. This arises from the fact that, for both CD and electrodeposition of alloys (we in-clnde mixed metal compounds in the term alloy), the effect of the complexant is to lower the concentration of free cations. For CD this affects the deposition throngh the solnbility product, while for electrodeposition it affects the deposition potential through the Nemst equation ... 

It is very difficult to know positively whether the Arabians refer here to metallic antimony or not. Stimmi with ancient and medieval writers generally means the native sulphide, yet that they used metallic antimony, but generally confused it with lead, is also certain. Yet classifying the sulphide of antimony here among the metals seems to be hardly reasonable. In this connection, however, it should be remembered that the word for metals originally meant the mines themselves, and later was used to represent the products of the mines and that at no time with the ancient or medieval writers was there any recognition of the existence of metals as elementary substances, nor were they fundamentally distinguished from other minerals. 

Schwartz, C., Morel, J. L., Saumier, S., Whiting, S. N., and Baker, A. J. M. (1999). Root architecture of the Zn-hyperaccumulator plant Thlaspi caerulescens as affected by metal origin, content and localisation in soil. Plant Soil 208, 103-115. 

Boerhaave believed that the metals originate from mercury and sulphur like animal and vegetable bodies are made of earth and water. Thus Boerhaave defined quicksilver and elementary earth as the two fixing principles of bodies, without which all natural bodies would be volatile moving particles, or floating atoms, that are so subtle as not to be recognizable by our senses. 

This fluid, after it is hardened through the boiling of nature, transforms into different kinds of metals. Boerhaave is determined to investigate the matter further. If this theory is true, he states, it must be untrue that metals originate from the melting together of fire and quicksilver, or from sulphur and mercury, as chemists like Homberg propose. This also means that the basic matter must be more like vitriol than mercury. 

To summarize, the analysis of seawater samples of representative composition for copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead by AASV with standard addition should yield reasonably accurate values for the concentrations of the metals. Although nickel and silver are present in seawater in concentrations high enough to interfere with the determinations of zinc and copper, the error caused by these metals is expected not to exceed 10 or 15%. Nevertheless, the composition of samples cannot always be guaranteed, and the analysis is always made on the assumption that the standard partitions are present in the sample and in the film in exactly the same manner as the metals originally present in the sample. Because this cannot be known with certainty, particularly when a field survey is being conducted, automated ASV with the thin film must at present be considered a semiquantitative indicator of trace metal activity in the water. Thorough intercomparisons between thin-film voltammetry and other techniques are needed to establish fully the quantitative aspects of this method. 

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