Averaging radius

If the solid in question is available only as a finely divided powder, it may be compressed into a porous plug so that the capillary pressure required to pass a nonwetting liquid can be measured [117]. If the porous plug can be regarded as a bundle of capillaries of average radius r, then from the Laplace equation (II-7) it follows that... 

The supporting medium was water at 298 K (p = 0.99727), and the density of latex is 1.2049 g cm . The latex particles had an average radius of 2.12 x 10 mm hence, their effective mass corrected for buoyancy is their volume times the density difference Ap between latex and the supporting medium, water... 

A minimum of 10 to 35 parts carbon black to 100 parts of mbber is required to obtain a resistivity in the order of 10 Q-cm. At that loading the carbon black particles, which have an average radius of 10 nm, form grapelike aggregates that provide continuous paths for the electrical current. Special purpose mbbers containing even more carbon black have resistances as low as 1 Q-cm (129). The electrical resistivity of mbber with carbon black is sensitive to strain history, probably because of temporary dismptions of the continuity of the carbon black aggregates. 

In XPS the photoelectrons are retarded to a constant energy, called the pass energy, as they approach the entrance slit. If this were not done, Eq. (2.5) shows that to achieve an absolute resolution of 1 eV at the maximum kinetic energy of approximately 1500 eV (using A1 Ka radiation), and with a slit width of 2 mm, would require an analyzer with an average radius of about 300 cm, which is impracticable. Pass energies are selected in the range 20-100 eV for XPS, which enables the analyzer to be built with a radius of 10-15 cm. 

The surface-averaged Gaussian curvature, K y, introduces the length scale, describing an average radius of curvature of the single,... 

R Average radius of surviving particles Multicomponent, vector form of 11.55... 

Figure 4.4 shows the histogram of R, which corresponds to the probability distribution function of the chain dimension. Information on the distribution was not available from the previous experiments in inverse space. The average radius of gyration, (i xy). was 138, 145, and 143 nm for the PMMA chains in thin films with thickness 15, 50, and 80 nm, respectively. The thickness of 15-80nm is relatively... 

To obtain the images shown in the following, a specimen made of a porous resin in which gold nanoparticles were embedded was used [104]. The particles had already been observed by HREM to have an average radius in the range of 5-10 nm. Let us follow all the necessary steps to measure the phase-shift associated with one of the embedded particle. How this information can be interpreted will be discussed in the following. 

Although linear stability theory does not predict the correct number and size of drops, the time for breakup is reasonably estimated by the time for the amplitude of the fastest growing disturbance to become equal to the average radius (Tomotika, 1935) ... 

In addition, it can be shown for the concentration range of the 4,4 -BPDC used, assuming each molecule occupies a spherical volume, the average radius of this volume is about 108 a. This calculation predicts, on the average, the probability of an excited DMT molecule having a 4,4 -BPDC molecule within the required 15 A for energy transfer to occur by the exchange mechanism, which would be spin allowed, is small. 

Here it is supposed, that the crystals of each fraction contribute to the total current independently, i.e. the mass interchange between separate cells is disregarded. The latter is possible in the case when the packing density of the reagent crystals in a porous matrix is low and the distance between the crystals is much greater than the average radius of the crystals. 

Figure 2.8 Average radius Rav and effective or trispyrazole [22], oxygen atoms of the charge Zf resulting from the REC correction POM series LnW10 and LnW22, [23] and halo-of different homoleptic compounds nitro- genides F , Cl-, Br" anions [21]. genated ligands of the type bis-pyrazole...

This monomer concentration Ma in the formalism of the quasi-homogeneous approximation, unlike M a, refers to the whole volume of the two-phase system. The aforementioned quantities are connected by the simple relationship Ma = flM a where y01 stands for the volume fraction of the a-th phase in miniemulsion. An analogous relation, Ra = sdaR a, exists between the concentrations Ra of the a-th type active centers in the entire system and those R a in the surface layer of the a-th phase. This layer thickness da has the scale of average spatial size of the a-th type block, which hereafter is presumed to be small as compared to the average radius of miniemulsion drops. Apparently, in this case, the curvature of the interphase surface can be neg-... 

The particle size of the two latices was determined using electron microscopy and a "Quantimet" image analyzer. Latex A had an average radius of 92+3nm and latex B 115+2nm. 

Only two different AET (see 3.7.5) and, correspondingly, two different coordination polyhedra are present in each structure. Moreover, in the three structures the same 1 2 ratio is found between sites with coordination 16 and 12 and, finally, polyhedra with the same AET and the same average radius are preferentially occupied by the same element. 

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