Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry organic material analysis using

This review provides an up-to-date overview of the application of analytical procedures based on MS for the characterization of organic natural materials in archaeological and historical objects. Applications that feature the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Py-GC/MS, high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), and direct MS analysis such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and direct exposure mass spectrometry (DE-MS) are sununarized to highlight the different information provided by each of the various analytical approaches. Case studies and examples are also presented and include a description of the molecular markers and of the molecular profiles that are used to identify the original materials. 

There are several methods of ionizing organic materials such as particle bombardment, chemical and field ionization, electron impact, field desorption, and laser pulse. For example, in the laser micro-mass analysis method, a laser pulse is used to supply the necessary energy to volatilize a sample from the surface for mass spectroscopy. 1 1 Mass spectrometry is often used in conjunction with gas chromatography to identify the separated components. The working technology of mass spectrometry is quite complex. 

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