Three-dimensional compounds

Starting with the crystal structure of the target, it is possible to screen for leads in three-dimensional compound databases such as the Cambridge... 

Inorganic additive nomenclature, however, names both simple and complex entities of more than 100 elements. Inorganic nomenclature also provides several degrees of complexity in order to enable a name for a compound to indicate empirical composition, molecular composition, composition and connectivity, and complete qualitative three-dimensional compound structure. 

However, herein we focus on the discrete compounds, especially the three-dimensional cages or container molecules [6-10], formed mainly by coordination of metal ions with organic ligands. On the other hand, there also exist three-dimensional compounds where the stability is partly due to hydrogen bonds, 7t-7i interactions, Van der Waals forces or dipole-dipole interactions. Beside those three-dimensional compounds, one-dimensional structures like, for instance, helicates [26-30] and two-dimensional ones, the polygons, are also known [31-36]. 

Extending this approach, using hexacyanometalate building blocks together with divalent transition metal complexes containing labile positions has afforded a variety of one-, two- and three-dimensional compounds with very different physical properties from those of the face-centred Prussian blues [20-22],... 

The ambidentate coordinating ability of the oxalate ion (ox = C2042 ) has made it a useful and versatile choice as a bridging ligand for the design of two- and three-dimensional compounds. Indeed, the self-assembly of inorganic architectures... 

One characteristic feature of the behavior of Xs(T) for organic metals is illustrated in Fig. 4. In contrast to ordinary metals, Xs(X) increases quite substantially with temperature from (say) 60 to 300 K. This increase is strongest for the most one-dimensional compound, TTF-TCNQ [53], and becomes progressively weaker for (TMTSF)2C104 [54], (3-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 (a genuine two-dimensional compound) [25,26], and the more three-dimensional compound (TSeT)2Cl [18] (also, unpublished results of M. Mil-jak and B. Hilti). For HMTSF-TCNQ [33] such a discussion is complicated by the presence of Landau-Peierls diamagnetism from small pockets of electrons and holes, although estimates of Xs(T) have been made by Soda... 

Conducting host lattices have been intensively investigated since graphite intercalation attracted the attention of physicists and chemists in the 1950s and dichalcogeiude intercalation reactions were discovered in 1969. Intercalation chemistry in layered structures has received the most attention and will be described first. A summary of the analogous chemistry for the smaller number of one and three-dimensional compounds will be given for comparison. 

Finally, three different sorts of compound which can insert and exchange cations and ions in their structures will be discussed. Of these, the zeolites have been developed from minerals, and are used as ion exchangers, catalysts and sorbents. The use of their framework structures for shape-selective catalysis will be discussed. The unique properties of both layered and three-dimensional compounds which can accept extra ions, such as graphite and will also be examined. 

The concept of surface reconstruction is a radical departure from classically held ideas about adsorption. Traditionally the term adsorption has implied that the substrate lattice is undisturbed by the arrival of adatoms, though small displacements or perturbations of substrate atoms are not necessarily ruled out. What has been meant classically is that the substrate lattice is never disconnected by adsorption that is, substrate atoms are never forced to move to altered positions associated with different lattice sites of the substrate. In surface reconstruction just this kind of disconnection is proposed. Many observers have concluded from LEED experiments that adsorbed atoms can be incorporated into a mixed layer containing foreign atoms as well as atoms of the host, with structures not resembling any of the three-dimensional compounds of the same atoms. Formation of such a two-dimensional layer having... 

This compound is rather interesting in the sense that it is one of the rare three-dimensional compounds based on a flexible ligand. 

Closed mould (or matched-die moulding) processes are used in the composites industry for fabrication and manufacturing of three dimensional compounds and products. There are different closed moulding processes. Within these, there are transfer moulding, compression moulding, resin injection moulding, injection moulding, pultrusion and extrusion. 

Lignin is a complex three-dimensional compound and an integral part of the cell walls of plants. It is a polymer with a strong heterogeneity and no defined primary structure. 

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