Large scale Laser

Vanderleeden, J.C. Generalized concepts in large-scale laser isotope separation, with application to deuterium. J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 1273. 

Chemically excited infrared lasers were the first major "application that derived from the early days of molecular dynamics research [1,2]. The significant research investment in the area of infrared chemiluminescence paralleled a substantially larger investment in coupling this chemical physics imderstanding to fluid mechanics and optical physics, as well as device teclmology. The results have been both large scale laser devices and a better fundamental understanding of the role of vibrational excitation as a product of reactioa... 

Photoconductive polymers are widely used in the imaging industry as either photosensitive receptors or carrier (electron or hole) transporting materials in copy machines and laser printers. This is still the only area in which the photoelectronic properties of polymers are exploited on a large-scale industrial basis. It is also one electronic appHcation where polymers are superior to inorganic semiconductors. 

Peng et al. [150] prepared AgAu nanoalloys via three different procedures by using laser-induced heating (i) mixture of Au nanoparticles and Ag(I) ions irradiated by a 532 nm laser, (ii) mixture of Au and Ag nanoparticles irradiated by a 532 nm laser, and (iii) mixture of Au and Ag nanoparticles irradiated by a 355 nm laser. In procedures (ii), nanoalloys with a sintered structure were obtained. The morphology of the obtained nanoalloys depended not only on the laser wavelength but also on the concentration of nanoparticles in the initial mixture. Large-scale interlinked networks were observed upon laser irradiation when the total concentration of Ag and Au nanoparticles in the mixture increased. 

Laser-plasma accelerators represent a unique tool for investigating matter properties at a reduced laboratory scale, compared to large-scale facilities. Nowadays, efficient electron acceleration can be provided by such table-top accelerators and can be used to perform experiments in a variety of fields. 

The sample materials from which proteins for proteomics studies may be extracted include fresh or snap-frozen cells from varied sources such as biological fluids, (serum, urine, plasma) and solid tissues such as biopsy specimens. Moreover, proteins isolated from ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues can be utilized for MS analysis.2 Protocols for the identification of proteins from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have been recently developed.3 4 FFPE materials are the most common forms of biopsy archives utilized worldwide, and represent an important advancement for the large-scale interrogation of proteins in archival patient-derived materials. Finally, laser capture microdissected tissues have been successfully used for MS analysis.45... 

Multiplexed diode-laser sensors were applied for measurement and control of gas temperature and species concentrations in a large-scale (50-kilowatt) forced-vortex combustor at NAWC to prove the viability of the techniques and the robustness of the equipment for realistic combustion and process-control applications [11]. The scheme employed was similar to that for measurements and control in the forced combustor and for fast extractive sampling of exhaust gases above a flat-flame burner at Stanford University (described previously). 

The major advantage of time-resolved X-ray techniques, as compared to optical spectroscopy, is that their wavelength X as well as the pulse duration r can be chosen to fit the atomic scales. This is not the case for optical spectroscopy, where the wavelength X exceeds interatomic distances by three orders of magnitude at least. Unfortunately, X-ray techniques also have their drawbacks. They require large scale instruments such as the synchrotron. Even much larger instruments based on free electron lasers are actually under construction. The... 

Laser-induced processes are expected to increase in number and expand in application, but the principal obstacle to large-scale introduction of the... 

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