Language semantics

In this example, what should be the value of Grade if Marks has the value 12 It may be intended to be a don t care, but from the language semantics viewpoint, the variable Grade retains its last value, since no value is assigned to the variable explicitly when Marks has the value 12. Therefore a latch is inferred for Grade in keeping with the simulation semantics of a reg variable. 

The information that all case item values are mutually exclusive needs to be passed to the synthesis tool. This is done by using a synthesis directive called parallel case. When such a directive is attached to a case statement, a synthesis tool interprets the case statement as if all case items are mutually exclusive. Since the synthesis directive appears as a comment in the Verilog HDL model, it has no effect on the language semantics of the model. This implies that no priority logic is synthesized for the case statement control instead decoding logic is used. Here is the case statement with the parallel case directive. 

In this case, the assignment to FCR must complete first before assignment 2 is done. Thus to mimic the language semantics, the right-hand-side expression of assignment 1 must be used to form the logic for the data for Claim. This is shown in the synthesized netlist. In addition, no flip-flop is inferred for FCR since its value is assigned and then used the value of FCR does not have to be saved between different iterations of the always statement. 

In the following sections, we see examples of how mismatches may occur that may be caused due to different interpretations by synthesis (as compared to Verilog HDL language semantics). 

There are no latches for DebugX and Bdy. However language semantics indicate that Bdy needs to be saved. A synthesis system may not produce a latch it may generate a warning about the variable being used before its assignment and that there is a potential for a functional mismatch. 

Patel-Schneider PF, Hayes P, Horrocks I (2004) OWL Web Ontology Language semantics and abstract syntax, W3C recommendation, http //www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/... 

Precision The language semantics are precisely defined for automatic execution of process programs. Such precision supports the analysis of process programs. Analysis is a key to assuring that process programs indeed have properties that are desirable for process safety, correctness, reliability, and predictability [4]. 

Verification Setup for a System Call. We have presented the use of deductive program verification in the Verisoft XT Avionics subproject. The formalization of PowerPC assembly language semantics enables us to verify kernel functionality spanning all levels of the PikeOS microkernel. In particular, we have shown how interrupts are disabled and then restored again to ensure that the bulk of the system call is in non-concurrent mode. The same approach can be applied to verify system calls with more complex functionality as these still span the same levels in the kernel as a call with simple functionality (this is ongoing work). 

A single insight about language semantics has led to successes in a variety of automatic text understanding tasks. Words tend to appear in specific contexts and these contexts convey rich information about the type of word, its meaning, and connotation (Harris, 1968). Computers can leam much semantic information without human supervision simply by collecting statistics of (hundreds of) thousands of texts. 

Chemists communicate in a highly elaborated alfabetic [sic] and symbolic language. The chemical nomenclature is a predominant literary language. Only short names are spoken, the official, sometimes very long terms are replaced by trivial names or are uncanonically abbreviated for oral communication. The chemical nomenclature works with a distinct syntax and semantic, but is not suited for textual sentences. Structures are drawn according to specific rules. 

Feldman R, Regev Y, Hurvitz E, Finkelstein-Landau M. Mining the biomedical literature using semantic analysis and natural language processing techniques Biosilico 2003 1 69-80. 

Finally, reductionism is closely tied to the so-called syntactic approach to theories, an approach which treats theories as axiomatic systems expressed in natural or artificial languages. Indeed, closely tied may be an understatement, since deduction is a syntactic affair, and is a necessary component of reduction. Once philosophers of science began to take the semantic approach to theories seriously, the very possibility of reduction became moot. For the semantic approach treats theories as families of models, and models as implicit definitions, about which the only empirical question is whether they are applicable to phenomena. For reduction to be obtained among models semantically characterized requires an entirely different conception of reduction, and whether such a conception would capture anything of interest about inter-theoretical relations is questionable. 

We now extend our definition of a WHILE scheme. We phrase the definition for convenience in terms of our language. The semantics should be obvious from the previous graphical definticns. 

Hbare, C. A. R., "Procedures and Parameters An Axiomatic Approach," in Symposium on Semantics of Algorithmic Languages, E. Engeler (editor),... 

Translation schemes One particularly systematic approach to development encodes a selection of patterns as translation schemes. To move from requirements spec to detailed code, you choose a succession of translations. Template packages can be used to represent translation schemes. Another variety of translation scheme expresses the semantics of a language, such as UML, by defining how it translates to more basic terms. This technique is especially useful for stereotypes, the variable part of the UML notation. 

It s possible to write a precise set of rules (that is, a program) for converting each diagram element into text. And given any complex piece of text—such as an action specification, with its pre- and postconditions and odd constructs such as pre and so on—it is possible to write a set of rules for converting it into a longer set of statements in terms of a much more basic set of ideas. These sets of rules are called the semantics of the language. 

The notation used is based on that of the Unified Modeling Language (UML 1.1). What we add is a systematic way to use this language, a way to establish and maintain the relationships between the documents, and a clear semantics for abstract models. 

Cognitive deficits in Alzheimer s disease Attention deficits are a core feature of Alzheimer s disease (Lawrence and Sahakian 1995). Problems arise primarily from divided and disengaging/shifting attention and less from focusing of attention (Nebes 1997). Language deficits are seen early in the course of Alzheimer s disease. While grammar is relatively intact, there is a deficit in expression and comprehension of semantic meaning. 

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