Langmuir—Blodgett preparation technique

Sotobayashi FI, Schilling T and Tesche B 1990 Scanning tunnelling microscopy of polyimide monolayers prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique Langmuir 6 1246... 

Orthmann E and Wegner G 1986 Preparation of ultrathin layers of molecularly controlled architecture from polymeric phthalocyanines by the Langmuir-Blodgett-technique 1986 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. Engl. 25 1105-7... 

Modified electrodes containing cyclam derivatives have been prepared. The approach utilizing cyclam incorporated in Nafion film on a carbon electrode shows that the catalytic efficiency of the system is much lower than observed when the catalyst is adsorbed on the mercury. With electrodes prepared following the Langmuir Blodgett technique, only the electrode materials that allow the orientation of the monolayer so that the tail points to the substrate were found to be electrocatalytically active.165... 

Y Cimrova, M Remmers, D Neher, and G Wegner, Polarized light emission from LEDs prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, Adv. Mater., 8 146-149, 1996. 

Monolayer Films of Phthalocyanine Derivatives. A series of organic derivatives of phthalocyanines were prepared that have two important characteristics of materials to be deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique (1) they are soluble in volatile organic solvents, and (2) they form monomolecular films on the surface of water. Further study of deposited films of these phthalocyanine derivatives will be necessary in order to determine the exact orientations on the surface, but regardless of their orientations, they offer interesting possibilities for construction of thin films of ordered arrays of molecules on the surface of gas sensors. 

Yasuzawa M, Hashimoto M, Fujii S, Kunugi A, Nakaya T. Preparation of glucose sensors using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Sensors and Actuators B 2000, 65, 241-243. 

Taylor et al. (1990) described the use of Langmuir-Blodgett techniques for the preparation of monolayers as blocking layers. Layers as thin as 0.002 (im were effective in suppressing the dark discharge and maximizing charge... 

A discussion on thin films must not omit multilayer films prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett techniques. The field of Langmuir-Blodgett films from low molecular weight amphiphiles like surfactants or lipids has been reviewed in a number of excellent reports [318,319]. 

Mono- and multilayer films of polyimides were successfully prepared using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Monolayer films of polyamic acid long alkylamine salts were prepared at the air-water interface. The mono-layer films were deposited on appropriate plates to produce multilayer films of the precursor to polyimide films. Finaly, the polyimide multilayer films were obtained by treatment of the multilayer films of the polyamic acid amine salts with acetic anhydride and pyridine. The polyimide multilayer films had excellent coating ability giving a very smooth surface. They also exhibited insulating characteristics as reliable as polyimide thick films. 

Langmuir-Blodgett technique (LB technique) is one of the most promising methods for the preparation of ultra thin ordered multilayer films with uniform thickness.(2) Typical monomeric multilayer films of amphiphilic substances such as long alkyl carboxylic acids are thermally and mechanically unstable. Improvements in the stability have been achieved using polymeric multilayer films which have been... 

A number of procedures exist for preparing non-sklnned membranes of either the symmetric or the anisotropic type (5,59). Flnken ( ) describes a procedure referred to as the Langmuir-Blodgett technique which was first used to produce extremely thin... 

Pigmented Monolayer Membrane on the Solid Surface. Monolayers and mixed monolayers of pigments can be prepared on a neutral aqueous buffer solution surface and deposited, at a controlled surface concentration, onto a solid substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique (63,64). As a typical feature, a monolayer membrane of chlorophyll a possesses absorption peaks at 675-680 nm and 435-440 nm with corresponding optical sensltles of 0.008-0.01 and 0.01-0.013 in the red and blue bands, respectively (65). 

In two later addresses [73,74] Langmuir added other highly significant observations about the effects of adsorbed films on the wettability of solids. A trimolecular stearate film (prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique) exhibited a contact angle of 55.4° with a white mineral oil, 51.7° with ethyl myristate, 48.7° with carbon tetrachloride, 48° with benzene, 1.5° with n-hexane, and 50° with water. The contact angle of this oil with barium stearate multilayers varied little with the number of monolayers in the film—e.g., it was 52° on a monolayer, 55.4° on three layers, and 55.9° on seven layers. 

There are several wet deposition procedures, including sedimentation, spin coating, electrochemical deposition, self assembly, and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Common for all these methods is that no ordered films of unsubstituted pure oligothiophenes can be prepared. 

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