Landfill hazardous waste sites

Underground tanks Landfills Hazardous waste site Above ground tanks... 

Landfills/hazardous waste sites Fuels, solvents (M H) (M H)... 

McAneny, C. and A. Hathaway. Design and Construction of Covers for Uncontrolled Landfill Sites. In Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Proceedings, Washington, D.C., 1985, p.331. 

Chemical compatibility tests using U.S. EPA Method 909040 should always be performed for hazardous waste sites, but some municipal waste sites also contain hazardous, nondegradable materials. U.S. EPA conducted a 5-year study of the impact of municipal refuse on commercially available liner materials and found no evidence of deterioration within that period. However, in a current study of leachate quality in municipal landfills, the Agency has discovered some organic chemical constituents normally found in hazardous waste landfill facilities. Apparently, small quantities of household hazardous waste enter municipal sites or are disposed of as small quantity generator wastes. As a result of these findings, U.S. EPA developed a position on the need for chemical compatibility tests for thousands of municipal waste disposal sites. 

Concentrations of lead in water at NPL sites can be at much higher levels. For example, in 1986, an NPL hazardous waste site was identified in Genesee County, Michigan, that contained a landfill and nine surface impoundments. The facility had accepted sludge and residual waste from a chemical warehouse as well as other hazardous wastes. Water samples taken from the impoundments had a maximum lead concentration of 25 mg/L (EPA 1986d). 

At many waste sites, -hexane has been detected in the landfill gases vented from the soils at the disposal sites (Brosseau and Heitz 1994 O Leary and Walsh 1995). While information in the literature is extremely limited, trace levels of -hexane are probably found in the soils or the soil gases at many waste disposal sites. u-Hexane has been identified in the soil at 14 sites and in sediments at two sites among the 60 NPL hazardous waste sites where it was detected in some environmental medium (HazDat 1998). 

LaRegina J, Bozzelli JW, Harkov R, et al. 1986. Volatile organic compounds at hazardous waste sites and a sanitary landfill in New Jersey An up-to-date review of the present situation. Environ Prog 5 18-27. 

Possible releases of heptachlor to soil may occur at hazardous waste sites or as a result of landfill leachate. Residues of heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide exist in soil as a result of past usage of heptachlor for both agricultural and nonagricultural purposes. Heptachlor was detected in 0.71% of the soil samples taken from the NPL sites included in the CLPSD at an estimated mean concentration of 4.07 ppb in the positive samples (CLPSD 1989). Heptachlor epoxide was not listed in the CLPSD of chemicals detected in soil samples collected at NPL sites. Note that the information from the CLPSD includes data from NPL sites only. 

Diehlorobenzidine has been identified in at least 32 of the 1,467 current or former EPA National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous wastes sites (HazDat 1998). However, the number of sites evaluated for 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine is not known. The frequeney of these sites within the United States can be seen in Figure 5-1. The manufacture and use of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine has been strictly regulated by OSHA since 1974. All work with the compound is done in elosed systems and any residues are destroyed by chemical reaction. Such precautions, if conscientiously praetieed, make it unlikely that significant quantities of 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine have been disposed of in landfills or at NPL sites after 1974. 

Hazardous waste sites and sanitary landfill sites 4x10 -5.1x10" 2x10 -2.2x10" 3.8x10"-4.2x10 La Regina et al. 1986... 

Hexanone is released to water by industrial facilities and at hazardous waste sites. 2-Hexanone was detected in 2 of 3 effluents from coal gasification plants and in 1 of 2 effluents from oil shale processing plants at mean concentrations ranging from 7 to 202 ppb ( jg/L) (Pellizzarri et al. 1979). The compound has also been tentatively identified in 1 of 63 industrial effluents (Perry et al. 1979), the effluent from a chemical plant (Shackelford and Keith 1976), and in one municipal landfill leachate at 0.148 ppm (mg/L) in a study of leachates from 58 municipal and industrial landfills (Brown and Donnelly 1988). 

Soils or sediments may become contaminated with 2-hexanone by landfilling with 2-hexanone-containing solid wastes or by the discharge of contaminated water. 2-Hexanone has been detected in soil samples from hazardous waste sites (CLPSD 1989) (see Section 5.4.3). 

In general, cresols will degrade in surface waters very rapidly. However, cresols may persist in groundwater due to a lack of microbes and/or anaerobic conditions. Cresols are largely released to groundwater via landfills and hazardous waste sites. Tables 5-2a through 5-2e include monitoring data for these sources. 

The only direct measurements of isophorone in soil were found for samples taken from hazardous waste sites. Ghassemi et al. (1984) found isophorone in leachates from hazardous waste landfills, and Hauser and Bromberg (1982) detected the presence of isophorone in the "sediment/soil/water" of Love Canal. These studies suggest that isophorone also was present in the soil. The Contract Laboratory Program Statistical Data Base (queried April 13, 1987) reported that isophorone has been detected at 4 of 357 hazardous waste sites at a concentration range of 1.68-6500 ppm. 

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