Lamps, definition

This apparatus can only be used with sodium light, as for quantitative results light of definite refrangibility must be used. A Bunsen lamp of convenient construction, into the flame of which a little common salt can be introduced on a platinum wire, is placed about 4 or 5 inches from the... 

By a strict definition, these electrical and electronic wastes are hazardous. Fluorescent lamps contain mercury, and almost all fluorescents fail the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) toxicity test for hazardous wastes. Fluorescent lamp ballasts manufactured in the mid-1980s contain polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a carcinogen most of these ballasts are still in service. Batteries can contain any of a number of hazardous materials, including cadmium (nickel-cadmium... 

When the white light from a tungsten lamp was used for excitation, the fluorescence had the same intensity in the two tubes within the experimental error. But when a mercury arc burning at low pressure was used as source of excitation the fluorescence in the comparison tube was considerably stronger. The difference was not great, but quite definite. 

From the above definition it is quite evident that the sensitivity takes no cognizance of the noise-level of the base-line, therefore, it is more or less of no use as a definite guide to the least quantity of an element which may be estimated. However, the sensitivity of a 1% absorption-is a pure theoretical number only that would undergo a change solely depending on the efficiency of the lamp (hollow-cathode-lamp), atomizer, flame-system employed, monochromator (prism, grating used), and finally the photomultiplier used. 

The ga idea so neatly explained by Pemety is physically displayed in Etant donnas. .. by the flaming gas lamp—in French, a feu de lampe—held aloft by the supine nude woman, and its obvious component parts, as terminology (in French), include Air, Chaleur, Feu, Feu de Lampe, Flamme, Lampe, Lumiere, Vapeur, etc., all of which are exhaustively treated by Pernety. Since these terms are all alchemical in their employment, as a matter of natural course they contextually repeat themselves. Given this, we need only note that it is Pemety s definition of one particular term, Lamp-Fire, which is the one that best fits Duchamp s particular picturing of his Illuminating Gas. The Feu de Lampe represents, once again, The Mercury of the Philosophers. Accordingly, Pemety explains that... 

The operation instruction, maintenance, and calibration should be included in the SOP. It is not necessary to copy the entire operation manually into the SOP. Writing simple instructions with references to the related sections in the manual is a better way. The frequency and tasks to be performed during maintenance should be stated in the maintenance section. The tests required to calibrate the instrument, the acceptance criteria, and the frequency for each test should be included in the calibration section of the SOP. Definitions of major and minor repairs which necessitate partial or full system requalification should be included as well. For example, the replacement of a UV lamp in a UV detector does not require full requalification whereas replacement of a circuitry board will. 

Coal Mines, Determination of Firedamp and of Coal Dust In Atmospheres of. Although many instruments have been designed to detect the presence of firedamp (or rather methane) in mine atmospheres, the principles of the flame safety lamp (Davy-type lamp) still form the basis of many detectors. The Davy lamp invented in 1815 is briefly described under COAL MINE EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES and it is stated that each US mine should have at least two Davy-type lamps to serve as detectors of firedamp or of lack of oxygen. If firedamp is present in small quantity, the flame of Davy lamp elongates and if the gas is present in considerable quantity, the lamp becomes filled with blue flame. For more definite detection of gas, the flame of the lamp is lowered until the yel part is at a minimum. Then the gas will be discernible as a small blue cap over the flame. This method is described in Refs 1, 9, 12 25. Some investigators consider that the safety lamp method of detection of firedamp is not very reliable (Ref 7)... 

Medium Pressure Lamp.—A lamp filled with mercury vapor and operated at a pressure of about 1 atmosphere. The total intensity in the near ultraviolet and visible is lower than that of high pressure lamps, but photochemically useful light at wavelengths less than 3000 A. is produced. The ultraviolet spectrum consists of reasonably narrow lines with only a weak continuum. Hence, in conjunction with a filter or monochromator it is a good source for monochromatic radiation including reversed 2537-A. radiation (see definition below). 

Definition of temperature or humidity excursion Investigation and reporting of excursion Light chambers Light source Output from lamps Age of lamps Positioning of samples Calibrations and maintenance Procedure... 

Fluorescent indicator — A substance that shows definite changes in fluorescence with a change in pH. This kind of indicator is especially useful for the titration of opaque, highly turbid, or deeply colored solutions. A long-wavelength ultraviolet lamp in a dimly lighted room provides the best environment for titrations involving fluorescent indicators [i]. 

Professor Oppenlander is well qualified to write about AOPs/AOTs, since he has contributed to this literature in a very significant manner. It is thus particularly valuable to see the application of incoherent excimer lamps covered so well, a subject that has been a central part of his research. Finally, it is good to see careful attention being made to consistent terms, definitions and units in accord with lUPAC recommendations. 

By definition, photometers do not respond to radiation in the infrared or the ultraviolet (Fig. 4-4a). They are light meters in the sense that they mimic human vision that is, they respond to photons in the visible region, similar to the light meter on a camera. A candle is a unit of luminous intensity, originally based on a standard candle or lamp. The current international unit is called a candela (sometimes still referred to as a candle ), which was previously defined as the total light intensity of 1.67 mm2 of a blackbody radiator (one that radiates maximally) at the melting temperature of pure platinum (2042 K). In 1979 the candela was redefined as the luminous intensity of a monochromatic source with a frequency of 5.40 x 1014 cycles s-1 (A, of 555 nm) emitting 0.01840 Js-1 or 0.01840 W (1.464 mW steradian-1, where W is the abbreviation for watt and steradian... 

In Fig. 16 the heat-treated sampie(l) is obtained by heating poly-DSP crystals (a) up to 330°C at a scanning speed of 15°C/min. Then, the sample is cooled immediately to room temperature. The intrinsic viscosity of the original as-polymerized poly-DSP (2.1-2.9) is reduced (0.55-0.59) in sample (1). An X-ray pattern of sample (1) shows slight but definite differences when compared to that erf the original as-polymerized polymer and, in addition, the pattern agrees exactly with that ot the medium-sized polymer crystals (c), which are obtained by photopolymerization of DSP crystals upon irradiation with a xenon lamp for 50 min. DSC curves of sample (1) and polymer crystals (c) are also very similar to each other. From these results, it is concluded that the high... 

Figure 3 shows two "cool white" lamps of the same CCT but definitely not of the same spectral power distribution. It is evident that this single criterion is not sufficient to designate a lamp for our uses. 

Assumed in the definition of an activation spectrum is the fact that all of the lamps of a particular type, e.g., "cool-white," are very similar. This is not necessarily a valid assumption. Batch to batch variations, differences between geographical locations of the same company, manufacturers, or countries can affect the SPD of a lamp. Differences in "daylight" lamps and the UV content of "cool-white" SPDs have been noted. 

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