Laminariae

Jordan P, H Vilter (1991) Extraction of proteins from material rich in anionic mucilages partition and fractionation of vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases from the brown algae Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 1073 98-106. 

Figure 2 The brown seaweed Laminaria dieitata obtained from the North Atlantic off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

Hypobromous acid so produced from the naturally occurring bromide in the ocean is rapidly consumed upon demand and is nontoxic to the plant. This natural process helps explain why seaweeds in the ocean are not overcome by adherent microbial biomass and macrofoulants that, for example, rapidly foul the surfaces of ships and piers in the sea. Although chloride is far more abundant than bromide, certain seaweeds preferentially make hypobromous acid in situ. The brominating activity of Laminaria digitata is shown by demonstration (Figure 3) in a replication of the work by Wever, et al.2. 

Figure 3 Bromination of phenol red by Laminaria digitata in seawater (see Wever). Beakers from left to right 1) seawater plus phenol red, 2) same as 1 plus H202, 3) same as 1 plus Laminaria 4) same as 2 plus Laminaria Phenol red is converted by the bromination.

Soda as well as potash have also been made, since early antiquity, by burning weeds until only their ash remains - thus known as either soda ash or potash ash. The ash may also contain as much as 5% of sodium or potassium carbonate. Kelp, a large seaweed of the order Laminaria, and barilla plants, of the genus Salsola, which grow on many seashores, have... 

These materials are another polysaccharide. The name derives from its original source, brown algae. The current commercial sources are brown seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea, Ascophyllium nodosum and Fucus serratus. Different properties are obtained in alginates from different seaweeds. The sources are rocky coasts in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Norway. 

Kelp, Laminaria digitata 100 Growth inhibition in 24 days 1... 

Brown macroalga, Laminaria hyperborea 250 Reduced growth of sporophytes in 8-10 days 2... 

Penot, M. and C. Videau. 1975. Absorption du 86Rb et du "Mo par deux algues marines le Laminaria digitata et le Fucus serratus. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd. 76(Suppl.) 285-293. 

Quantitative data are available by placing droplets of an inert solvent with known concentrations of the test substance into close vicinity of the fertile gynogametophyte. For example, the mass release of male gametes of Laminaria digitata occurs within 8-12 sec at a threshold of =50 pmol of lamoxirene (8, 23, 24), and male gametes of Perithalia caudata are released within =10 sec, triggered by caudoxirene at concentrations down to 30 pmol (25). 

Laminar flow elements, 11 782 Laminar flowmeters, 11 662-663 Laminaria, common and scientific names, 3 188t... 

Toth GB, Pavia H (2006) Artificial wounding decreases plant biomass and shoot strength of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). Mar Biol 148 1193-1199 Tugwell S, Branch GM (1989) Differential polyphenolic distribution among tissues in the kelps Ecklonia maxima, Laminaria pallida and Macrocystis angustifolia in relation to plant-defence theory. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 129 219-230... 

Suzuki Y, Takabayashi T, Kawaguchi T, Matsunaga K (1998) Isolation of an allelopathic substance from the crustose coralline algae, Lithophyllum spp., and its effect on the brown alga, Laminaria religiosa Miyabe (Phaeophyta). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 225 69-77 Svensson CJ, Pavia H, Toth G (2007) Do plant density, nutrient availability, and herbivore grazing interact to affect phlorotannin plasticity in the brown seaweed Ascophyllwn nodosum. Mar Biol (in press), doi 10.1007/s00227-007-0649-5 Swanson AK, Druehl LD (2002) Induction, exudation and the UV protective role of kelp phloro-tannins. Aquat Bot 73 241-253... 

Boonprab K, Matsui K, Akakabe Y, YotsukuraN, Kajiwara T (2003) Hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid mediated n-hexanal and (Z)-3- and (E)-2-nonenal formation in Laminaria angustata. Phytochemistry 63 669-678... 

Cetrulo and Hay 2000 Pavia and Brock 2000 Pleurophycus gardneri Laminaria complanata La. Groenlandica Hedophyllum sessile 42 species As. Nodosum Fucales Simulated herbivory Herbivory Resistance Phlorotannins... 

Tugwell and Branch 1992 Ecklonia maxima Laminaria pallida Macrocystis angustifolia Laminariales Holdfast (high) Stipe (high) Reproductive sori (high) Infertile nonmeristematic vegetative fronds (low) No Phlorotannins... 

Ulva lactuca, Ulva linza, and Polysiphonia hendryi). In containers that held urchins and algae that do not produce DMSP (Saccharina latissima [formerly Laminaria saccharina], Nereocystis luetkeana, and Mazzaella splendens), no DMS was found in the headspace gas. 

Sawabe T, Makino H, Tatsumi M, Nakano K, Tajima K, Iqbal MM, Yumoto I, Ezura Y, Christen R (1998) Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica sp. nov., a marine bacterium that is the causative agent of red spot disease of Laminaria japonica. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48 769-774... 

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