Anti-herbivory

Campos ML, de Almeida M, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Litholdo Junior CG Figneira A, Rampelotti-Ferreira FT, Vendramim JD, Benedito VA, Peres EE. (2009) Brassinosteroids interact negatively with jasmonates in the formation of anti-herbivory traits in tomato. J Exp Bot 60 4347 361. 

The secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungi associated with dicotyledonous plants (dicots) are chemically diverse (Table 1). There is an equal diversity in the activities of these compounds, including antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, anti-insectant, anti-herbivory, and a variety of other activities. The compounds isolated, structurally elucidated, and explored biologically in the short time since previous reviews continue to display that same wide array of chemical and biological diversity. 

Finley D. S. (1999) Patterns of calcium oxalate crystals in young tropical leaves a possible role as an anti-herbivory defense. Rev. Biol. Trap. 47(1-2), 27-31. 

Polyphenol oxidase occurs within certain mammalian tissues as well as both lower (46,47) and higher (48-55) plants. In mammalian systems, the enzyme as tyrosinase (56) plays a significant role in melanin synthesis. The PPO complex of higher plants consists of a cresolase, a cate-cholase and a laccase. These copper metalloproteins catalyze the one and two electron oxidations of phenols to quinones at the expense of 02. Polyphenol oxidase also occurs in certain fungi where it is involved in the metabolism of certain tree-synthesized phenolic compounds that have been implicated in disease resistance, wound healing, and anti-nutrative modification of plant proteins to discourage herbivory (53,55). This protocol presents the Triton X-114-mediated solubilization of Vida faba chloroplast polyphenol oxidase as performed by Hutcheson and Buchanan (57). 

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