Swedish lakes

Albanus L, Frankenberg L, Grant C, von Haartman U, Jemelov A, Nordberg G, Rydalv M, Schutz A, Skerfving S. 1972. Toxicity for cats of methyhnercury in contaminated fish from Swedish lakes and of methyhnercury hydroxide added to fish. Environ Res 5 425 42. 

Renberg I., Persson M.W., Emteryd O. Pre-industrial atmospheric lead contamination detected in Swedish lake sediments. Science 1994 368 323-326. 

Hakanson, L., T. Andersson, and A. Nilsson. 1990. Mercury in fish in Swedish lakes — linkages to domestic and European sources of emission. Water Air Soil Pollut. 50 171-191. 

Hagen, U. 1990. Molecular radiation biology future aspects. Radiation Environ. Biophys. 29 315-322. Hakanson, L. and T. Andersson. 1992. Remedial measures against radioactive caesium in Swedish lake fish after Chernobyl. Aquat. Sci. 54 141-164. 

The data in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and of the Swedish lakes were measured only in surface waters. The Swedish lakes are in crystalline area and have somewhat lower pH values. In these lakes and in Lake Baikal there is no CaC03 precipitation. 

The higher concentrations of different trace metals in the Swedish lakes are likely to be related to the lower pH range. Within the two sets of data, increasing concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd are correlated with decreasing pH. A similar effect was... 

There are few studies of respiration of organic acids other than amino acids. Percentage respiration of malonic and acetic acids seems similar (ca. 20%) to that of the other compounds mentioned so far, according to experiments in a Swedish lake (Bertilsson and Tranvik, 1998). In contrast, nearly all of the formic acid (98%) taken up by bacteria is mineralized to C02 (Bertilsson and Tranvik, 1998). 

BrannvallM. L., Bindler R., Emteryd O., and Renberg I. (2001) Eour thousand years of atmospheric lead pollution in northern Europe a summary from Swedish lake sediments. 

Dickson W. (1978) Some effects of the acidification of Swedish lakes. Verb, Int. Ver. Limnol. 20, 851-856. 

Kohler S. J., Hruska J., and Bishop K. (1999) Influence of organic acids site density on pH modelling of Swedish lakes. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Set 56, 1461-1470. 

Figure 2 Concentration ranges (in delineated area) of AOX as a function of color and TOC in Swedish lakes and rivers (after Asplund and Grimvall, 1991).

Lead emissions When Rome was at its peak in lead production, it produced 80 000 metric tons every year. In studies of changes in atmospheric composition throughout history, researchers measured residues of lead from ancient Rome and Greece foimd in British peat bogs and in Swedish lake sediments. 

Hakanson, L. (1977) Sediments as Indicators of Contamination -Investigations in the Four Largest Swedish Lakes. SNV PM 839, NLU Report 92, 159 p. Uppsala Naturvardsverkets Limnologiska Undersokning. 

Nutrients (Phosphorous, Nitrogen, Carbon-BOD) in Lacustrine Sediments" (Swiss Lakes Swedish Lakes Lakes in Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan)... 

A sedimentological approach for an ecological risk index" was introduced by Hakanson (1980) and tested on 15 Swedish lakes representing a wide range in term of size, pollution status, trophic status, etc. These estimations are based on four "requirements", which are determined in a relatively rapid, inexpensive and standardized manner from a limited number of sediment samples ... 

The potential ecological risk factors (Er -values) and risk indices (Rl-values) of the 15 Swedish lakes. All figures marked are hypothetical... 

Sweden is a large country. In central and western Europe it is second only to Spain and France. Sweden also contains a large number of lakes. The lakes are not evenly distributed and are of different sizes and characters, from the biggest one. Lake Vanem (5660 km ), which is the third largest lake in Europe, down to very small lakes with areas of 0.01 km. Altogether, the 97 500 Swedish lakes have a combined surface coverage of 10 %. 

Due to limitations in nutrients and small lake size, the average species number is low. The total number of fish species found in Swedish lakes is around 50, but the number of species in a normal lake varies from about 14 in southern Sweden to 1, arctic char or brown trout, in the most northern parts. Some lakes in the alpine region are naturally fishless, since fish have not been reintroduced since the ice age. 

In Swedish lakes, a pronounced correlation was observed between dissolved metal levels and pH (Figure 8.1). This phenom-... 

Svante Oden, a Swedish scientist, was to help bring international attention to the phenomenon of transboundary acid deposition in the late 1960s with his research that linked the acidification of Swedish lakes to pollution emitted abroad. As a relatively sparsely populated region with low levels of industrialization, domestic emissions could not explain the damage that Oden found occurring in southern Sweden s water bodies. Thus, he hypothesized that the source of the pollution was upwind - that is from Great Britain and the European continent.His theory gave birth to the modem acid rain movement. 

Similar results were achieved in a study of Swedish lakes, although with a somewhat lower predictive performance (Dabakk et al., 2000). In this study, the ability to estimate... 

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