Baikal

REFERENCE SAMPLE OF LAKE BAIKAL WATER DRY RESIDUE. THE STATUS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT... 

Obtaining of data concerning the chemical composition of water is critical significance for monitoring water reservoirs and forecasting the quality of drinking water from different water supply sources. A dry residue is commonly used with the methods AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS (analysis of liquid) widely applied for determination of water composition. So it is vital to create a standard sample of the composition of dry residue of ultra-fresh Lake Baikal water, its development launched since 1992 at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS. 

This technique provided satisfactory results when utilized in analyzing otoliths of Baikal s omul, which can be used as indicators for evaluating the pollution level of the water, as well as revealing pollution mechanisms. 

In the present time our organosilicon adsorbents found the practice application in such as fields such as, for example 1) the method of spectral-chemical determination of gold Clarke quantities in poor ores and rocks has been applied in analytic practice of geological establishments and research institutes 2) at the first time soi ption process was used in hydro-chemical analyze of fresh water. This method has been allowed to analyze of Baikal water 3) for purification metallurgical waters and waste solutions of chemical-metallurgical plants due to toxic elements 4) for creation the filters for extraction of rare elements, for example, uranium 5) for silver utilization from wasted of cinema-photo manufactory. This method has been applied to obtain the silver of high purity. 

The metrologieal testing the elaborated teehnique was earried out. The relative standard deviations for eaeh element did not exeeed the admissible relative standard deviations. The quality of results obtained eoiresponds to the eategory 2. The ehemieal eompositions were obtained for the arehaeologieal finds, diseovered on the lakeside of Baikal. 

More than half of this is in the four largest lakes Baikal 26000 Tanganyika 20000 Nyassa 13000 and Superior 12000 km ... 

Hampton SE, Izmest eva LR, Moore MV, Katz SL, Dennis B, Silow EA (2008) Sixty years of environmental change in the world s largest freshwater lake - Lake Baikal, Siberia. Global Change Biol 14 1947-1958... 

Finally, an investigation of total DDT levels in seal (Phoca sibirica) from Lake Baikal, Russia (the largest lake in the world), during the 1990s showed substantial levels with evidence of strong biomagnification in this aquatic food chain (Lebedev et al. 1998). 

Lebedev, A.T, Poliakova, O.V., and Karakhanova, N.K. et al. (1998). The contamination of birds with pollutants in the Lake Baikal region. Science of the Total Environment 212, 153-162. 

Kucklick JR, HR Harvey, PH Ostrom, NE Ostrom, JE Baker (1996) Organochlorine dynamics in the pelagic food web of Lake Baikal. Anal Chim Acta 15 1388-1400. 

Figure 1.164. Distribution of Cenozoic basalts and active rift systems in the northeast China region. Arrows indicate the horizontal convective current in the upper mantle associated with the upwelling of the asthenosphere beneath the region. A Baikal Rift B Shanxi Graben C Tancheng-Lujiang Fault D Okinawa Trough (Tatsumi et al., 1990).

Table 2.3 shows how dirty the Volga is. This is the river most contaminated by stable OCPs in Russia. Pesticides are present almost constantly in the water, bottom sediment, and hydro organisms of the downstream Volga and its deltas, and pesticide content sometimes exceeds MPC by a factor of thousands [1]. In Lake Baikal, the largest fresh water reservoir in the world, DDT content has also reached dangerous levels. According to 1988 data, 254... 

Another example is Lake Baikal, where the water is cleaner than other bodies of water. In this case, the bioaccumulation coefficient for DDT in the water => zooplankton => fish => seal chain exceeded one million (Table 4.2). 

Table 4.2. DDT Content in Baikal ecosystem links (data from 1989) [25]...

Bobovnikova T.I., Dibtseva A.V., Malakhov S.G. et al. The Accumulation of Chlororganic Pesticides and Polychlorbiphenyls in the Hydrobionts of Lake Baikal / / Influence of Human Activities on the Baltic Ecosystem Proc. of the Soviet-Swedish Symp. Leningrad, 1989. P.130-136. 

Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica Siberia 1992 Immatures vs. ... 

Watanabe, I., S. Tanabe, M. Amano, N. Miyazaki, E.A. Petrov, and R. Tatsukawa. 1998. Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) from the Lake Baikal. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 518-526. 

Lake water Siberia, Lake Baikal, summer 1992-93 Total mercury 0.14-0.77 14... 

Muscle Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica Lake Baikal Russia 1992 0.14 FW 0.51 DW 145... 

Meuleman, C., M. Leermakers, and W. Baeyens. 1995. Mercury speciation in Lake Baikal. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80 539-551. 

FRESHWATER, in g/L Lake Baikal, Siberia June 1991 dissolved vs. particulate ... 

Muscle Baikal seal, Phoca siberica-, Lake Baikal, Siberia June 20 (10-30) FW 72... 

Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica Lake Baikal, Siberia blubber May June 1992 Males immature vs. mature Total PCBs PCB 77 PCB 126 PCB 169 PCB 105 PCB 118 PCB 156 PCB 137 PCB 138 PCB 153 PCB 180... 

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