Trace elements chemistry

Numerous studies on lavas from the Hawaiian Islands have shown that over the lifespan of a volcano, the major- and trace-element chemistry of the erupted basalts vary significantly and systematically (MacDonald and Katsura 1964 Chen and Frey 1985). This variation is believed to be the result of movement of the Pacific plate, over the... 

Brenan JM, Shaw HF, Ryerson FJ, Phinney DL (1995) Mineral-aqueous fluid partitioning of trace elements at 900 °C and 2.0 GPa constraints on the trace element chemistry of mantle and deep crastal fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59 3331-3350... 

Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Characterizing trace element chemistry in... 

Sposito G., LeVesque C.S., LeClaire J.P., Chang A.C. Trace elements chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge III. Effect of the time on the extraction of trace metals. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1983 47 898-902. 

Both direct and indirect methods were tested in the Lisbon area. Direct methods include the assessment of hydrocarbon compositional signatures in surface soils, outcrop fracture-fill soils and mosses, and 6-ft (2 m) deep free-gas samples. Indirect methods pertain to the major and trace element chemistry of soils to look for alteration effects resulting from hydrocarbon microseepage. 

Horowitz, A.J. 1991. A primer on Sediment -trace element chemistry. Lewis Publishers Ltd., Chelsea, Ml. 

Falkner KK, Church M, Measures Cl, LeBaron G, Thouron D, Jeandel C, Stordal MC, Gill GA, Mortlock R, Froelich P, Chan LH (1997) Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs. Limnol Oceanogr 42 329-345... 

Welz, B., Schubert-Jacobs, M., Schlemmer, G. and Sperling, M., Lecture at 5th International Workshop Trace Elemental Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, 1988, Neuherberg, Germany. 

Abstract Black shales in the hanging wall to the Pb-Zn VHMS deposits of the Mount Read Volcanics may have been altered by the underlying hydrothermal systems and the signature of such alteration may provide vectors to mineralisation. The major and trace element chemistry of the Rosebery Hanging wall Shale and the trace element chemistry of the pyrite and pyrrhotite that it contains have been investigated. Preliminary results indicate that a whole-rock Sb and Tl halo at the base of the shale unit is not as extensive as has previously been suggested. The elevated Co, Zn, As and Mo contents and Co/Ni of early pyrite, proximal to the orebody may provide vectors to underlying mineralisation. 

Environmental applications of FIFFF have been carefully collected in a review by Gimbert et al. [35]. Separations of nanoparticles belong to the FIFFF tradition and this sector has recently found new, fully deserved impulse for microparticle separations. The FIFFF technique has been applied to analyze humic material and submicron Fe colloids. Coupled with ICP-MS, FIFFF has been applied to detect the major and trace element chemistry of aquatic colloids in groundwaters and to determine the trace element distribution in soil and compost-derived humic and colloidal fractions in municipal wastewater. Recently, the ICP-AES has also been proposed as a specific detector for FIFFF to analyze inorganic nanoparticles (Figure 12.12). 

Smith, R. D. 1980. The trace element chemistry of coal during combustion and the emissions from coal-fired plants. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 6, 53-119. 

The cluster analysis identified five discrete groups based on the trace element chemistry of the selected ochre samples. These five groups were analyzed several ways to discern possible relationships between the variation in the elemental comparison of the artifacts and possible archaeological significance. 

Additional surveys of the area by Sarah Brooks were successful in locating a large deposit of obsidian 5 km east of the the town of Chivay. An independent survey by Burger and Peruvian geologist Guido Salas in 1995 also located the source, which they dubbed the Chivay source their publications of the results along with the analysis at LBNL provided the first detailed description of the source location and the trace element chemistry (77). The source was referred to as Cotallalli by Brooks (46) but most of the literature now refers to the source as Chivay (47-49). 

No rock samples have been collected from Mercury and Venus, and the arsenic chemistry of their crusts is unknown. Like the Moon, the crustal rocks on Mercury, Venus, and Mars are primarily basalts and other mafic rocks. If the trace element chemistry of their basalts is similar to lunar specimens, they should contain <1 mg kg-1 of arsenic. 

Horowitz, A.J. and Eldrick, K.A. (1987) Surface area and its interrelation with grain size, geochemical phase and sediment-trace element chemistry. Appl. Geochem., 2, 437. 

Famham, I.M., K.H. Johannesson, A.K. Singh, V.F. Hodge, and KJ. Stetzenbach. 2003. Factor analytical approaches for evaluating groundwater trace element chemistry data. Anal. Chim. Acta 490 123-138. 

Diogenites as asteroidal cumulates insights from orthopyroxene trace element chemistry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 3071-3084. 

Hofmann (1988) showed that crust formation by extraction of partial melt from the mantle could well explain much of the trace-element chemistry of crust-mantle differentiation. However, a few elements, notably niobium, tantalum, and lead, do not fit into the simple pattern of enrichment and depletion due to simple partial melting (Hofmann et al., 1986). The fundamentally different behavior of these elements in the MORB-OIB environment on the one hand, and in the subduction environment on the other, requires the second,... 

Rhodes J. M. and Dawson J. B. (1975) Major and trace element chemistry of peridotite inclusions from the Lashaine volcano, Tanzania. Phys. Chem. Earth 11, 545-555. 

Stachel T. and Harris J. W. (1997) Diamond precipitation and mantle metasomatism evidence from the trace element chemistry of silicate inclusions in diamonds from Akwatia, Ghana. Contrib. Min. Petrol. 129(2-3), 143-154. 

The Japanese islands are essentially composed of a series of terranes that have been accreted to the continental margin of the Eurasian plate during the past 400 Myr. These terranes consist of trench-hlling terrigenous sediments with variable quantities of accreted oceanic crust that are intruded and partly overlain by the products of subsequent subduction-related volcanism. Within Japan the ages of the accreted complexes become younger from north to south and from west to east (Kimura et ai, 1994). However, relatively little is known about the trace element chemistry of these oceanic accreted terranes. 

Zhang J., Huang W. W., and Wang J. H. (1993) Trace element chemistry of the Huangjie (Yellow river), China examination of the data from in situ measurements and laboratory approach. Chem. Geol. 114, 83-94. 

An organism s fossilized hard parts (for example, the shell of a clam), through their composition, provide clues to the environment as well. A clam shell s trace element content relates to the concentration of trace elements in the aquatic environment. The concentration in the environment is a product of environmental variables such as salinity and water temperature. So, by studying the trace element chemistry of a fossil, it may be possible to determine the approximate climatic conditions where the organism lived, as well as its latitude. 

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