Thermal springs

Warmbrunnen, m. hot spring, thermal spring, warmdehnbar, a. (Metal.) hot-ductile. 

Koga, A. (1957) Silver in Beppu thermal springs. J. Chem. Soc. Japan, 78, 1717-1721 (in Japanese with English abst.). 

White, D.E. (1955) Thermal springs and epithermal ore deposits. Econ. Geol. 50th Anniv. Vol., 99-154. 

Tazaki, K. Papers Inst. Thermal Springs Research, Okayama Oniv., 1976, No. 45, pp. 11-24. 

Combinations of mineral reactions at lower temperatures and mixing with more dilute fluids are likely to result in the variations in concentration and isotopic composition in many of the continental thermal spring waters but not seen in their marine relatives. The extreme manifestation of this difference may have been generated in the dilute hot spring waters from around Lake Baikal, whose heavy isotopic compositions required extensive re-equilibration at temperatures 100-150°C (Falkner et al. 1997). 

Also includes Nad from shales and thermal springs. 

Mid-ocean-ridge thermal springs and submarine eruptions... 

Loppi, S. Bonini, I. 2000. Lichens and mosses as biomonitors of trace elements in areas with thermal springs and fumarolic activity (Mt. Amiata, Central Italy). Chemosphere, 41, 1333-1336. 

Water, uriage thermal spring water, paraffinum liquidum (mineral oil), butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) fruit, polysorbate 60, glycerine, sorbitan stearate, hydrogenated polydecene, cetyl palm-itate, glyceryl stearate, PEG 100 stearate, phenoxyethanol,... 

Italy Ischia Island Thermal springs and 11 -99.5 pies) 4.3—8.8... 

The temperature in the core of the Earth—due to the decay of radioactive isotopes—is on the order of 4,000°C, the temperature of the lava of volcanoes is about 1,200°C, and the temperature of thermal springs can reach 350°C. If the groundwater temperature exceeds 150°C, flash steam power plants can be built, and if it is between 100 and 150°C, binary cycle power plants can be operated. 

Figure 15.5 Distribution of faults in the Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta Plain and location of the thermal springs (spas).

Fig. 9.19 Isotopic composition of thermal waters (O) and adjacent rivers ( ) in South Africa. The lines connect thermal springs with the nearest river. It is seen that the spring waters are significantly lighter than the nearby rivers, indicating that no (or negligible) intermixing occurred. (From Mazor and Verhagen, 1983.)...

Mazor, E., Kaufman, A., and Carmi, I. (1973a) Hammet Gader (Israel) geochemistry of a mixed thermal spring complex. J. of Hydrology 18, 289-303. 

O CB Would you expect to find more mineral deposits near a thermal spring or near a cool mountain spring Explain. 

Kubota, J., Naphan, E.A., and Oberly, G.H., Fluoride in thermal spring water and in plants of Nevada and its relationship to fluorosis in animals, J. Range Manage., 35, 188, 1982. 

In this connection it is interesting to note that Roman coins and other bronze objects which were thrown into certain thermal springs as votive offerings and have since been examined are found to have become partially converted into various sulphides of copper, including chalcopyrite and erubescite. 

AQUA SATURNIA — is Water generated from the first principles in the bowels of the earth, and resolved into small diaphanous stones. Radicated Vinegar Water. Chalybeate. Aqua Saturnia is also that which retains the nature of the three first principles through which it passes, such as thermal springs said to be naturally medicated. 

SAL CONGELATUM — Congealed Salt, originates in Thermal Springs, Fountains, and Medicinal Waters. 

Stones which are found in the beds of thermal springs, similar to Thophis (unknown). 

Yellow-coloured, pallid, globular Stones from the thermal springs of the Carolines. 

Cady L. and Farmer J. D. (1996) Fossilization processes in siliceous thermal springs trends in preservation along thermal gradients. In Evolution of Hydrothermal Ecosystems on Earth (and Mars ). Wiley, Chichester, pp. 150-173. 

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