Kleinman relations

For special choices of the involved frequencies with respect to the resonances of the material the permutation symmetry of the nonlinearity can be further developed. These permutation symmetries are normally referred to as Kleinman relations [7]. If none of the frequencies is in resonance with a transition frequency of the material and consequently no absorption occurs, then also the spatial index i and the frequency o>4 of the nonlinear polarization can be permuted. 

A frequently-used approximation is to invoke Kleinman symmetry [9] this holds rigorously true for static fields, is reasonably good for low frequencies and is totally unacceptable near a resonance. The Kleinman relations are ... 

Autoantibodies to red blood cells and autoimmune hemolytic anemia have been observed in patients treated with numerous drugs, including procainamide, chlor-propaminde, captopril, cefalexin, penicillin, and methyldopa (Logue et al., 1970 Kleinman et al., 1984). Hydralazine- and procainamide-induced autoantibodies may also result in SLE. Approximately 20% of patients administered methyldopa for several weeks for the treatment of essential hypertension developed a dose-related titer and incidence of autoantibodies to erythrocytes, 1% of which presented with hemolytic anemia. Methlydopa does not appear to act as a hapten but appears to act by modifying erythrocyte surface antigens. IgG autoantibodies then develop against the modified erythrocytes. 

Kleinman EF (1991) The bimolecular aliphatic mannich and related reactions. In Trost BM, Fleming I (eds) Comprehensive organic synthesis, vol. 2. Pergamon, Oxford, p 893... 

Dispersion Normalization. Atmospheric dispersion is greater in winter than in summer in New York City and, in addition, varies from year to year. Thus, for a constantly emitting source of particles, atmospheric concentrations of TSP observed in winter would be lower than in summer. In order to relate ambient concentrations of particulate species to their sources Kleinman, et al. ( 5), suggested the use of a dispersion normalization technique based on the dispersion factor proposed by Holzworth ( ). Ambient concentrations of aerosol species are multiplied by the ratio of the dispersion factor for the sampling period to an average dispersion factor of 4200 m /sec. 

In developing a multiple regression model for apportioning sources of TSP in New York City, Kleinman, et al.(2) selected Pb, Mn, Cu, V and SO, as tracers for automotive sources, soil-related sources, incineration, oil-burning and secondary particulate matter, respectively. These were chosen on the basis of the results of factor analysis and a qualitative knowledge of the principal types of sources in New York City and the trace metals present in emissions from these types of sources. Secondary TSP, automotive sources and soil resuspension were found to be the principal sources of TSP in 1974 and 1975 ( ). 

McNamara RK, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, et al Expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate [MARCKS) and MARCKS-related protein [MRP) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of suicide victims. J Chn Psychiatry 60 21-26, 1999... 

Colome, S. D N. Y. Kado, P. Jaques, and M. Kleinman, Indoor-Outdoor Air Pollution Relations Particulate Matter Less Than 10 /Mill in Aerodynamic Diameter (PM 10) in Homes of Asthmatics, Atmos. Environ, 26A, 2173-2178 (1992). 

Law AJ, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR, Weickert CS. 2007. Disease-associated intronic variants in the ErbB4 gene are related to altered ErbB4 splice-variant expression in the brain in schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 16 129-141. 

Hurd YL, Pristupa ZB, Herman MM, Niznik HB, Kleinman JE (1994) The dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor mRNAs are differentially expressed in limbic- and motor-related subpopulations of human mesencephalic neurons. Neuroscience 65 357-362. 

This somewhat mechanistic description can be summarized in broadly conceptual terms as follows when the source of odd hydrogen radicals (equal to Equations (6) and (7)) exceeds the source of NOj, (related to Equation (10)), then chemistry follows a NO p-sensitive pattern. When the source of NOjc approaches or exceeds the source of radicals, then chemistry shows an NO -saturated pattern and O3, OH, and the rate of photochemistry in general decrease with further increases in NO (Kleinman, 1991, 1994). 

Vukicevic, S., Kleinman, H. K., Luyten, F. P., Roberts, A. B., Roche, N. S. and Reddy, A. H. (1992). Identification of multiple active growth factors in basement membrane matrigel suggests caution in interpretation of cellular activity related to extracellular matrix components. Exp. Cell Res. 202, 1-... 

Cid MC, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Robert J, del Rio A, Casademont J, Coll-Vinent B, Grau JM, Kleinman HK, Urbano-Marquez A, Cardellach F. Interferon-alpha may exacerbate cryoblobuhnemia-related ischemic manifestations an adverse effect potentially related to its anti-angio-genic activity. Arthritis Rheum 1999 42(5) 1051-5. 

Sorokina EJ, Kleinman JG. Cloning and preliminary characterization of a calcium-binding protein closely related to nucleolin on the apical surface of inner medullary collecting duct cells. J.Biol.Chem. 1999 274(39) 27491-6. 

Sorokina EJ, Wesson JA, Kleinman JG. An acidic peptide sequence of nucleolin-related protein mediate the attachement of calcium oxalate to renal tubule cells. J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 2004 15 2057-65. 

The above equation, although provides an exact relation could be useful in practice only if the pseudopotential can be reasonably well approximated without knowing the all-electron orbitals and eigenvalues e,. Such approximations are available to separate core and valence electrons. The Phillips-Kleinman formal route can also be used to separate electrons in different molecules64,65. This route is, however, not orbital-free. The environment needs to be described at the orbital-level. Therefore, this group of methods will not be discussed further here. 

One should note that Xsi , Tis > this situation being clearly at variance with that found for linear molecules, where the relation = Xi/ / should be obeyed. Another conclusion is that Kleinman symmetry implying = is not obeyed. As expected, subphthalocyanine bearing the stronger acceptor... 

Relation of 03 to NO, From the definition of the ozone production efficiency, the signature of an NO molecule lost is the appearance of a number of 03 molecules, the specific number depending on atmospheric conditions and the HC and NO levels. Thus, the 03 concentration attained in an airmass should be correlated with the quantity [NO,]-[NO ], which is the total concentration of products of NO oxidation (HNO3, PAN, etc.). That this correlation should exist in airmasses was first pointed out by Trainer (1991, 1993), and it has been subsequently pursued in numerous studies [e.g., Kleinman (1994, 1997), CarpenteT et al. (2000)]. To obtain a good correlation between [03] and [NO,]-[NO ], O3 production must have occurred within a day or so in the airmass, before significant removal of NOv can take place, for example by wet and dry deposition of HN03. 

Kinetic energy of electrons, 3 free-electron gas, 348f local approximation, 351, 377f, 541 Kleinman s internal displacement parameter, 198f tables, 196, 208, 220 Kohn anomalies, 395f Kohn-Sham exchange, 540 Koster-Slaler tables, 481 Kramers-Kronig relations, 99 Krypton, properties of. See Inert gas solids... 

Effective Core Potential methods are classified in two families, according to their basic grounds. On the one hand, the Pseudopotential methods (PP) rely on an orbital transformation called the pseudoorbital transformation and they are ultimately related to the Phillips-Kleinman equation [2]. On the other hand, the Model Potential methods (MP) do not rely on any pseudoorbital transformation and they are ultimately related to the Huzinaga-Cantu equation [3,4]. The Ab Initio Model Potential method (AIMP) belongs to the latter family and it has as a... 

Weinstein-Llyod J, B, J, H, Lee, P, H, Damn, L, I, Kleinman, L, J, Nunnenmacker aund S. R. Springston (1998) Measurements of peroxides and related sjjedes during the 1995 summer intensive of the southern oxidants study in Nashville, Tennessee, Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 23361-23373... 

Kleinman, L. in Boron-Rich Solids, Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on Boron, Borides, and Related Compounds, Emin, D., Aselage, T. L., Switendick, A. C., Morosin, B., and Beckel, C. L. (Eds), AIP Conf. Proc. 231, American Institute of Physics, New York, 1991, pp. 13-20. 

The meaning of the concept of norm-conservation can be understood from the Phillips-Kleinman type of approach, discussed so far. From the relation between the wave function and the pseudo wave function, one obviously obtains ... 

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