Kleinman

The first reliable energy band theories were based on a powerfiil approximation, call the pseudopotential approximation. Within this approximation, the all-electron potential corresponding to interaction of a valence electron with the iimer, core electrons and the nucleus is replaced by a pseudopotential. The pseudopotential reproduces only the properties of the outer electrons. There are rigorous theorems such as the Phillips-Kleinman cancellation theorem that can be used to justify the pseudopotential model [2, 3, 26]. The Phillips-Kleimnan cancellation theorem states that the orthogonality requirement of the valence states to the core states can be described by an effective repulsive... 

Kleinman L 1997 Significance of the highest occupied Kohn-Sham eigenvalue Phys. Rev. B 56 12 042-5... 

R. L. Kleinman, Periodic Abstinencefor Family Planning IPPE, London, 1983. 

E. F. Kleinman, R. A. Volkmann, L. Overman, D. J. Ricca in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis,... 

Ehrenfreund-Kleinman T, Domh AJ, Golenser J (2003) J Bioact Compat Polym 18 323... 

Fig. 1.12 A diagram of a bromobenzene molecule, similar to that used by Kleinman et al. (1987)...

The index ms indicates that j s transforms according to the mixed symmetry representation of the symmetric Group 54 [33]. 7 5 is an irreducible tensor component which describes a deviation from Kleinman symmetry [34]. It vanishs in the static limit and for third harmonic generation (wi = u>2 = W3). Up to sixth order in the frequency arguments it can be expanded as [33] ... 

The dispersion coefficients for the mixed-symmetry component 7 5 which describes the deviation from Kleinman symmetry are for methane more than an order of magnitude smaller than coefficients of the same order in the frequencies for 7. Their varations with basis sets and wavefunction models are, however, of comparable absolute size and give rise to very large relative changes for the mixed-symmetry dispersion coefficients. 

The development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics is not as straightforward as researchers had initially anticipated. Stability, toxicity, specificity, and delivery of the compounds continue to be challenging issues that need further optimization. In recent years, researchers have come up with intricate solutions that have greatly improved the efficacy of potential antisense, ribozyme, as well as RNAi-based therapeutics. Clinical trials for all these types of nucleic acid-based therapeutics are underway. So far, data from several trials and studies in animal models look promising, in particular, the therapies that trigger the RNAi pathway. However, history has shown that compounds that do well in phase I or phase II clinical trials may still fail in phase III. A striking example is the nonspecific suppression of angiogenesis by siRNA via toII-Iike receptor 3 (Kleinman et al. 2008). It will become clear in the near future which compounds will make it as a new class of antiviral therapeutics. 

Kleinman, L. (1980) Relativistic norm-conserving pseudopotential. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter, 21, 2630-2631,... 

Bhalla, D.K., Mannix, R.C., Lavan, S.M., Phalen, R.F., Kleinman, F.T. and Crocker, T.T. (1987). Tracheal and bron-choalveolar permeability changes in rats inhaling oxidant atmospheres during rest or exercise. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 22, 417-437. 

Somatic upsets are the primary symptoms of depression among the Chinese, in contrast to the affective and dysphoric manifestations that are more common in the West (Cheung Bernard, 1982 Kleinman, 1977,1988 Marsella, Kinzie 8c Gordon, 1973 Tseng, 1975). 

Kleinman (1986) claimed that neurasthenia was a cultural form of chronic somatization that outlined several different types of psychopathological disorders, the major depressive disorder included in western classifications being the one that best accounted for this disorder. This would explain the lower rate of prevalence of the diagnosis of depressive disorder among the Chinese population. 

Kleinman, A. M. (1986). Social Origins of Distress and Disease. New Haven, CT Yale University... 

Kleinman, A. M. (1988). A window on mental health in China. Am. Sci., 76(1), 22-7. Lain-Entralgo, P. (1982). El diagnostics medico (Medical diagnosis). Barcelona Salvat. 

Mezzich, J. E., Kleinman, A., Fabrega, H. etal. (eds.) (1993). Revised cultural proposals for DSM-IV. Working document submitted to the DSM-IV Task Force by the NIMH-sponsored Group on Culture and Diagnosis. 

Kleinman, A. (1988). Rethinking Psychiatry. New York Free Press. 

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