Kinetic internal diameter

Kinetic measurements were made with a glass tubular one-pass fixed bed reactor. The internal diameter of the reactor was 9-12 mm, and the thermocouple well of external diameter 5-6 mm reached into the catalyst bed. The amount of the catalyst varied within the range of 0.01 to 1 g for pseudodifferential measurements (depending upon the activity of the catalyst... 

The pyrolysis reactor can be simulated in Aspen Plus as PFR with power-law kinetics and temperature profile or heat duty. To validate the kinetic data, we consider an initial flow rate of 73000kg/h EDC at a reaction temperature of 530°C and 18 bar. The reactor consists of 16 tubes in parallel with an internal diameter of... 

The apparatus for kinetic tests is shown in Figure 1. It comprises a quartz tubular flow reactor 300 mm height and 20 mm internal diameter, heated by an electrical furnace. The reactor temperature was controlled by a programmer-controller (Ascon). Cylinder air (99.999 % purity) was fed to the reactor and the flow rate was controlled by mass flow controllers (Hi-Tec). Exhaust gas concentrations were determined by Hartmann Braun continuous analysers Uras lOE (for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) and Magnos 6G (for oxygen). The signals from the analysers were acquired and processed by a personal computer which also performed the control of the experiment. 

A 1-in. internal diameter (ID) coiled tube, 57 m long, is being used as a tubular reactor. The operating temperature is 973 K. The inlet pressure is 1.068 atm. The outlet pressure is 1 atm. The outlet velocity has been measured to be 9.96 m s T The fluid is mainly steam, but it contains small amounts of an organic compound that decomposes according to first-order kinetics with a half-life of 2.1 s at 973 K. Determine the mean residence time and the fractional conversion of the organic. 

In active sampling, the most employed samphng method for BTEX analysis, air is forced with a pump to pass for a certain time through adsorbent tubes. The mass flow has to be exactly known and calibrated in order to know the total volume of air from which analytes have been desorbed. Sample volumes ranging from 2 to 101 are taken in 15 to 60 min. A small amount of sorbent in a small bed (typically less than 2 g of sorbent in tubes of less than 5 mm internal diameter and 15 cm in length) is enough to retain all target analytes due to the fast kinetics of adsorption. 

Catalytic tests in the Oxydative Dehydrogenation (ODH) of methanol Kinetic runs were performed in a stainless steel tubular reactor with an internal diameter of 1cm, kept isothermal with a fluidized bed of sand. Liquid methanol was fed, by a syringe pump, into a vaporizer chamber kept at 200 °C and was then sent, after the addition of a stream of oxygen and helium, into a stainless steel coil kept at the same temperature of the reactor. 

Encapsulation of Metal Complexes The nanostructure of CNTs (typical diameters range from 0.7 to 2.0 mn for SWCNTs) enables the endohedral encapsulation of molecules [14,15,21,31b,38]. It is possible to encapsulate molecules inside the tubes as long as the size of the molecules is smaller than the nanotubes and have enough kinetic energy to enter the open ends of CNTs. Practically, all organic solvents have a surface tension that makes possible the insertion of molecnles into the CNT internal diameters. 

The batch recycle differential reactor is used to obtain adsorption rate data to evaluate various kinetic models for cadmium ion adsorption on Sol-AD-lV. Approximately 0.25 g of the solid extractant is placed between glass beads inserted in a glass tube of 1.0 cm internal diameter. Solutions of various cadmium ion concentrations (25 to 300 mg/1) are contacted in a batch mode over 720 minutes, with intermediate sample taken for atomic absorption spectroscopic measurements of the cadmium ions. The external mass transfer resistances are minimized by operating at 16 ml/min. Results of the experiments are shown in Figure 7.23. 

Kinetic analysis under conditions where decomposition is fast, for example, reaction half-lives are well below 1 min, has been performed using a tubular reactor, which essentially consists of a high-pressure capillary of 10 m (or even larger) length and 0.5 mm internal diameter. The IR spectroscopic analysis is performed at reartion pressure, but at lower temperature, in an optical cell such (as the one in Figure 2) that is positioned directly behind the tubular reactor. 

Figure 3.4 Simulation of the electrostatic potential across a three-element cylinder lens (cross-sectional view). Also shown are lines of equipotential. Trajectories for a collection of 70 ions Incoming from the left show the focusing properties of this lens. This simulation was carried out using SIMION and assumed incoming ions of m/z = 50 and a kinetic energy of 10 eV. Potentials on the first, second and third electrodes (from left to right) were 10, —15 and 10 V, respectively. The lens elements are drawn to scale and for this simulation the internal diameter of each cylinder was chosen as 14 mm, the length of each cylinder was 15 mm, and the gap between adjacent cylinders was 2 mm.

Nielsen et al. [59] carried out an extensive kinetic study on a commercial triply promoted KMIR (K2O, CaO, AI2O3) catalyst. It had been prereduced in the size range 3-6 mm but was tested in the size range 0.3-0.7 mm. The sample was reduced again at 150 atm up to 400 °C after which the pressure was increased to 300 atm and the temperature to 480 ""C. The reactor had an internal diameter of 5 mm and was equipped with three thermocouples of 1 mm in outer diameter in the catalyst bed. Total catalyst volume was 2.5 cm. ... 

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