Kidney damage

Kidney beans Kidney damage Kidneys Kidney stones... 

Exposure to excessive amounts of lead over a long period of time (chronic exposure) increases the risk of developing certain diseases. The parts of the body which may be affected include the blood, nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, and kidneys. These effects include anemia, muscular weakness, kidney damage, and reproductive effects, such as reduced fertiHty in both men and women, and damage to the fetus of exposed pregnant women. 

Urinalysis. Urine is collected at various times and examined with respect to its volume, specific gravity, and the presence of abnormal constituents. The results may indicate kidney damage or suggest tissue injury at other sites (77). 

An acute lethal dose (LC q) for vapor exposure to 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the rat is 2000 ppm for a 4-h exposure. The same lethal effect occurs at 18,000 ppm vapor during 3 h exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The oral LD q for 1,1,2-trichloroethane in rats is 0.1—0.2 g/kg, classifying it as moderately toxic (109). Liver and kidney damage occurs at even lower dosages. Skin adsorption is a possible route of overexposure. 

The long-term OES is 50 ppm (8 hr TWA), set to protect against CNS effects, which will also protect against liver or kidney damage and initation. The short-term OES is 1000 ppm (15 minute reference period) to minimize exposures at initant levels. 

B. Nephrotoxiiis Chemicals which produce kidney damage ... 

Cadmium 0.005 0.005 Kidney damage Corrosion of galvanized pipes erosion of natural deposits discharge from metal refineries runoff fiom waste batteries and paints... 

Copper 1.3 TT Action Level = 1.3 Short term exposure Gastrointestinal distress. Long term exposure Liver or kidney damage. Corrosion of hou.sehold plumbing systems erosion of natural deposits... 

Mercury (inorganic) 0.002 0.002 Kidney damage Erosion of natural deposits discharge from refineries and factories runoff from landfills and cropland... 

Compounds that Cause Kidney Damage Several drugs and some anesthetic compounds such as methoxyflurane cause kidney damage when present at high doses. Kidney-toxic compounds found in occupational environments include mycotoxins, halogenated hydrocarbons, several metals, and solvents (see Table 5.16). 

The site of accumulation may define tlie point of toxic action. Inorganic mercury accumulation in the kidneys causes sever functional impairment Kidney damage has been shown to occur when the accumulated total of cadmium in the kidney cortex reaches 100-200 ppm... 

Cisplatin administration requires adequate hydration and forced diuresis to prevent kidney damage. Cisplatin is intensely emetogenic and its use requires adequate antiemetic prophylaxis. Myelosuppression is less evident than with other alkylating agents. 

Glucocorticoids increase the risk of gastrointestinal complications caused by NSAEDs. Considerable caution is necessary when using NSAIDs in patients with severe liver and kidney damage and they should not be combined with coumarines. Owing to the limited experience obtained, these precautions and contraindications also apply to COX-2-selective inhibitors. 

In most individuals, the systolic pressure increases sharply with age, whereas the diastolic pressure increases until about age 55 years and then declines. Older individuals with an elevated systolic pressure have a condition known as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). When the systolic pressure is high, blood vessels become less flexible and stiffen, leading to cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. Research indicates that treating ISH saves lives and reduces illness. The treatment is the same for ISH as for other forms of hypertension. 

Excretion of the drug and/or its metabolites takes place primarily in the kidney, though some drugs also show considerable excretion via the bile/faeces. Again, it is important to study the rates of excretion of the drug or its metabolites, and to verify that there is no associated kidney damage. 

The platinum complex (NH3)2PtCl2 is a well-known antitumor agent. Because the drug is soluble in water, it is readily excreted through the kidneys and can cause severe kidney damage. Various procedures are employed clinically to minimize these side effects, but the... 

C04-0026. Cadmium ions are environmental pollutants found in mining waste, metal plating, water pipes, and industrial discharge. Cadmium ions replace zinc ions in biochemistry and cause kidney damage, high blood pressure, and brittle bones. Dissolved Cd " " impurities can be removed from a water sample... 

Renal Effects. Triehloroethylene may have effeets in the kidney however, studies in humans are limited by having poor or no exposure data and by concomitant exposure to other chemicals. There was no evidence of kidney damage in 250 neurosurgery patients who underwent prolonged trichloroethylene anesthesia (Brittain 1948), nor in 405 women who had caesarean sections and were exposed to trichloroethylene anesthesia (Crawford and Davies 1975). 

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