Drugs kidney damage from

Renal failure can be acute— rapid loss of renal function owing to kidney damage from such conditions as prolonged hypotension or hypovolemia or owing to nephrotoxic drugs. The key manifestations of acute renal failure (ARF) are... 

Extrapolations of therapeutic index and toxicity data from animals to humans are reasonably predictive for many but not for all toxicities. Seeking an improved process, a Predictive Safety Testing Consortium of five of America s largest pharmaceutical companies with an advisory role by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been formed to share internally developed laboratory methods to predict the safety of new treatments before they are tested in humans. In 2007, this group presented to the FDA a set of biomarkers for early kidney damage. 

Excretion is the process by which drugs are eliminated from the body. Excretion occurs primarily via the kidneys, although other routes include the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory system, and sweat, saliva, and breast milk. Adequate excretion is dependent on effective kidney function. Disease- or drug-induced damage to the kidneys can lead to kidney failure, resulting in a toxic accumulation of medications in the bloodstream. 

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) A response to a drug that occurs at doses normally used or tested in humans but is noxious and unintended. The medical complications range from mild (e.g., nausea/vomiting) to severe (e.g., kidney damage). 

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