Karlsruhe Research Center

Mayer et al. [43] used an electrically heated micro heat exchanger, a micro mixer and a honeycomb reactor, all developed by Karlsruhe Research Center (Forschungs-zentrum Karlsruhe), for the partial oxidation of methane ... 

Micro milling was applied frequently in many early applications of micro structuring. Microfabrication of the parallel channels was performed by micro milling of metal tapes at the Karlsruhe Research Center (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) [138], In the case of aluminum alloys, ground-in monocrystalline diamonds were used [139], In the case of iron alloys, ceramic micro tools have to be used owing to the incompatibility of diamonds with that material [44], It is certainly a useful tool for experimental work and rapid prototyping, but not a choice with respect to future mass production. 

Figure 2.93 Stack of cross-flow heat exchangers developed by Karlsruhe Research Center [144],...

Such a pilot plant has now been built at the Forschungszentmm Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Research Center.)... 

The Compact Sodium-cooled Nuclear Reactor Facility (KNK) was an experimental nuclear power plant of 20 MW electric power erected on the premises of the Karlsruhe Research Center. The plant was initially run as KNK I with a thermal core between 1971 and 1974 and then, between 1977 and 1991, with a fast core as the KNK II fast breeder plant. 

All activated and/or contaminated materials are transferred to the Central Decontamination Department (HDB) of the Karlsruhe Research Center, which processes them in line with its permit under the Atomic Energy Act, and holds them in temporary storage. 

These values of available energy are comparable but lower than those taken into consideration by the Karlsruhe Research Center (KFK) and quoted in the figures given in Chapter 5 (the reactor in that example is different from the one considered here and some of the estimates concerning the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy are rather different). 

The 57-MWe MZFR reactor was built by Siemens-KWU at the Karlsruhe Research Center for limited electricity supply and district heating. It was the prototype for the Atucha-1 and Atucha-2 reactors built in Argentina. The principal features are similar to those incorporated in Atucha-1. 

Figure 10.9 Top, diffusion bonded cross-flow heat-exchanger bodies developed by the Karlsruhe Research Center bottom, ready made heat-exchangers (source FZK).

In September 1996, two containers with barrels filled with tritium-contaminated waste were stored within the cover of the safe enclosure. The 16 D350-barrels of high-grade steel were filled and sealed at the Karlsruhe research center. Due to the high tritium inventory of the barrels, storage at the final repository Morsleben is not possible today. The tritium-activity amounts to 2.9E+12 Bq per Barrel. 

Synchrotron Light Source ANKA, Karlsruhe Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany... 

The Biolig process of the research center Karlsruhe FZK, Germany. Here, flash pyrolysis, with emphasis on straw as feedstock, is tested to produce a bio-oil-char slurry. The pyrolysis reactor compares to the ER reactor (Lurgi-Ruhrgas) by which sand as heat carrier is mixed and transported together with biomass in a double (twin) screw feeder. A novel unit is constructed with a biomass processing capacity of 12 t/day. 

Gompper, K., Geist, A., Modolo, G. et ah 2005. R D on partitioning at the German Research Centers Karlsruhe and Jtilich. Proc. GLOBAL 2005, Tsukuba, Japan, October 9-13. Paper No. 059. 

Garland, J.A., Wells, A.C., Higham, E.J. Smith, I.C. (1984) Experimental study of the deposition of iodine and other fission products in the coolant circuit of a CAGR. In Fifth International Meeting on Thermal Nuclear Reactor Safety, compiled G. Bork H. Rininsland, vol. 3, pp. 1423-41. Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center. 

Gasteiger, R., "Development of an Irradiation Technology for the Recycling of Am-2l+l in Nuclear Reactors — A Contribution to the Possibilities for the Reduction of the Hazard Potential of a-Bearing Wastes," (in German), KFK-21+31 Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany (1977). 

Magill J, Pfennig G, Galy J (2006) Karlsruher Nuklidkarte (Chart of the nuclides) 7th edn. Rep EUR 22276 EN-DG, Joint Research Center ITU, Luxembourg... 

An important and interesting alternative to silicon micromechanics is tire so-called LIGA (German abbreviation of tire tlrree major process steps, see bellow) process. It was initially developed at the Institute of Microstructure Technology of tire Research Center in Karlsruhe. Genrrany. In this techrrique, the material used is... 

As stated above, the development of the LIGA process began at the Research Center in Karlsruhe (FZK), Germany, in the 70s as a rather inexpensive method of producing very small slotted nozzles of any lateral shape for uranium-isotope separation by the nozzle process. Its usage is now wide spread globally as well as to a much... 

Schuller, W., et al. Nuclear Reprocessing and Waste Treatment at Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, Proceedings of Nuclear Power and Its Fuel Cycle, vol. 3, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vietma, 1977, p. 579. 

This technique will be tested for tritiated water in the neighborhood of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center in West Germany. An isolated oil lens that is exhausted but located in an oil field still being exploited will be used. Thereby any migrations occurring deep underground will be detected. 

Bahr, W., et al. Experiences in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Wastes in the Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Management of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Wastes, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1970. Bell, M. J. The ORNL Isotope Generation and Depletion Code (ORIGEN), Report ORNL-4628, May 1973. 

Peennig G, Klewe-Nebenius H and Seelmann-Eggebeet W (1995) Chart of the Nuclides. Research Center Karlsruhe. 

The Research Center Karlsruhe has conducted combustion test series with premixed stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures both in a 12 m long cylindrical tube of 0.35 m diameter and in a rectangular channel with 0.1 x 0.1 m cross section and 3 - 6 m length. Different... 

A better approach is given by the numerical calculation models. Detonation codes have been developed at the Research Center Karlsruhe, DETID and D3D, to determine the characteristic parameters within the reaction zone and outside in the unbumt mixture [20, 95, 100]. These models consider a homogeneous mixture of H2, O2, N2, H2O and are mainly applied to examine the load on a nuclear reactor containment. Validation was made against the above mentioned balloon tests of the Fraunhofer Institute and the Russian RUT experiments. Parameter calculations of 3D detonation have shown that the 3D structure is unimportant for the pressure load and that a relatively coarse grid provides sufficient accuracy [20]. 

PANTTZ, H.J., MATZERATH, C., PASLER-SAUER, J., UFOMOD Atmospheric Dispersion and Deposition, KfK Report 4332, Research Center Karlsruhe (1989). 

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