Kaplan, Lewis

Modified from literature (Engelberg and Kohn, 1991 Gosline et al., 1999 Hinman et al., 2000 Lewis, 2006 Pins et al., 1997 Vollrath and Porter, 2006 Vepari and Kaplan, 2007). 

Figure 6 Schematic representation of major ampullate gland (a). The various parts of the gland and their function, as well as the structure of silk under each part, are shown (Lewis, 2006). Also shown is a model of chain folding, micelle formation, globule formation and curing, and shear processing of silk proteins. This model is motivated by experiments in vitro (Jin and Kaplan, 2003) (b).

Lewis, J. L., III. Hyponatremia. In The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals [Online] Porter, R. S., Kaplan, J. L., Eds. Merck Research Laboratories Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2009. 

Lewis, Y.S. (1969) Isolation and properties of hydroxycitric acid. In Colowick, S.P. and Kaplan, N.O. (eds) Methods in Enzymology, Volume 13. Academic Press, New York, pp. 613-619. 

Bereczkei T, Dunbar RIM 1997 Female-biased reproductive strategies in a Hungarian gypsy population. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 264 17-22 David AS, Malmberg A, Brandt L, Allebeck P, Lewis G 1997 IQ and risk for schizophrenia a population-based cohort study. Psychol Med 27 1311—1323 Kaplan H, Hill K, Lancaster J, Hutardo AM 2000 A theory of human life history evolution. Evol Anthropol, in press... 

Lewis CE, Rachelefsky G, Lewis MA, de la Sota A, Kaplan M A randomized trial of A.C.T. (Asthma Care Training) for kids. Pediatrics 1984 74 478—486. 

An important clue to the role of water on Mars was obtained, again by spectroscopic means, in 1963 by Lewis Kaplan (1928-99) and his colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. The JPL team reported that the amount of water in the Martian at-... 

Angelis CT, Dunn MF, Muchmore DC, Wing RM (1977) Lewis acid complexes which show spectroscopic similarities to an alcohol dehydrogenase ternary complex. Biochemistry 16 2922-2931 Arnold LJ, Kaplan NO (1974) The structure of the abortive diphospho-pyridine nucleotide-pyruvate-lactate dehydrogenase ternary complex as determined by proton magnetic resonance analysis. J Biol Chem 249 652-655... 

Lewis NG, Kato MJ, Lopes N, Davin LB. Lignans diversity, biosynthesis, and function. In Seidl PR, Gottlieb OR, Kaplan MAC, eds. Chemistry of the Amazon. Washington, DC American Chemical Society 1995 135—167. 

Stamler, j., L. N. Katz, R. Pick, L. A. Lewis, I. H. Page, A. Pick, B. M. Kaplan, D. M. Berkson, and D. Century Effects of long-term estrogen therapy on serum cholesterol-lipid-lipoprotein levels and on mortality in middle-aged men with previous myocardial infarction. In Garattini, S., and R. Paoletti (Eds.) Proc. of the symposium on drugs effecting lipid metabolism, p. 432. Amsterdam Elsevier 1961. 

Fourth, the prevalence estimates are likely to be affected by the way in which the questionnaire is presented and administered, and the extent to which the children who take part can be reassured about the confidentiality of their answers. It is difficult to assess the effect of factors of this kind in different studies partly because reports vary greatly in the amount of detail they provide about the procedural aspects of questionnaire administration, and partly because, where detail is provided, the effects of particular procedural variations are unknown. For example, although all surveys have been anonymous in the sense that the child was not required to write his or her name on the questionnaire, in some studies the questionnaire has been introduced, explained, supervised and collected by external field-workers, while in others this has been done by the school teachers (eg, Gossett, Lewis and Phillips, 1971) or the pupils themselves (eg. Porter, Vieira, Kaplan, Heesch and Colyar, 1973). With a socially disapproved activity such as solvent abuse, the effects of these procedural variants on the likelihood of obtaining false negative or false positive questionnaire responses could be substantial. 

In addition to silk moths/worms, silks are produced by many other species of insects and spiders (Kaplan et al., 1992, 1993, 1998). Unlike silk moth-derived silk, spider silks are not widely used in the textile industry because of their limited availability. Spiders naturally produce less silk than a silkworm cocoon ( 137 m of fiber can be obtained from the ampullate gland of a spider while one silkworm cocoon yields 600-900 m of fiber) (Lewis, 1996) and, spiders being solitary and predatory in nature, cannot be raised in large numbers. However, it was documented that spider silks are just as suitable for textile production as their insect counterparts (Kaplan et al., 1993). Consequentially, for biomaterial development, silk moths/worms and spiders are the main silk sources. 

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