Judgmental

Judgment had to be exercised in data selection. For each fluid, all available data were first fit simultaneously and second, in groups of authors. Data that were obviously very old, data that were obviously in error, and data that were inconsistent with the rest of the data, were removed. 

The penalty as a result of the constraint having been identified enables judgment as to whether it is acceptable or too expensive. If it is too expensive, there is a choice between two options ... 

Away from the pinch there is usually more freedom in the choice of matches. In this case, the designer can discriminate on the basis of judgment and process knowledge. 

We shall examine the simplest possible molecular orbital problem, calculation of the bond energy and bond length of the hydrogen molecule ion Hj. Although of no practical significance, is of theoretical importance because the complete quantum mechanical calculation of its bond energy can be canied out by both exact and approximate methods. This pemiits comparison of the exact quantum mechanical solution with the solution obtained by various approximate techniques so that a judgment can be made as to the efficacy of the approximate methods. Exact quantum mechanical calculations cannot be carried out on more complicated molecular systems, hence the importance of the one exact molecular solution we do have. We wish to have a three-way comparison i) exact theoretical, ii) experimental, and iii) approximate theoretical. 

The final evaluation and judgment of any research and its significance comes from the wider scientific community upon its publication. In my research, I have always believed that there is a fundamental... 

The larger variance is placed in the numerator. For example, the F test allows judgment regarding the existence of a significant difference in the precision between two sets of data or between two analysts. The hypothesis assumed is that both variances are indeed alike and a measure of the same a. 

A sampling plan that combines judgmental sampling with systematic sampling. 

Systematic—Judgmental Sampling Combinations of the three primary approaches to sampling are also possible. One such combination is systematic-judgmental sampling, which is encountered in environmental studies when a spatial or tempo-... 

Systematic-judgmental sampling scheme for monitoring the leaching of pollutants from a landfill. Sites where samples are collected are represented by the solid dots. 

Interpreta.tlon, Whereas statistical tests estabhsh whether results are or are not different from (over) an exposure criteria, the generaUty of this outcome must be judged. What did the samples represent May the outcome, which is inferred to cover both sampled and unsampled periods, be legitimately extrapolated into the future In other words, is the usual assumption of a stationary mean vaUd AH of these questions are answered by judgment and experience appHed to the observations made at the time of sampling, and the answers are used to interpret the quantitative results. 

Analysis of Data. A veteran practitioner of chemical market research likened this step to the assembly of a jigsaw puzzle. There are many pieces of unequal size and importance that must be put together to make a picture understandable to everyone. Call reports, secondary data inputs, experience, and judgment are the tools used by the market researcher to analyze the data, reach conclusions, make recommendations, and write the report. 

Statistical analysis can range from relatively simple regression analysis to complex input/output and mathematical models. The advent of the computer and its accessibiUty in most companies has broadened the tools a researcher has to manipulate data. However, the results are only as good as the inputs. Most veteran market researchers accept the statistical tools available to them but use the results to implement their judgment rather than uncritically accepting the machine output. 

Market researchers doing sales analysis usually have an excellent record of accuracy over the short term. This is a result of good data, good judgment, and the easier predictabiUty of events a year ahead rather than three or five years ahead. In the case of a completely new product, the first year or two can be difficult and the analyst either too optimistic or too conservative. 

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