Process Japanese

Biosynthesis ofS(— )-M llc Acid. Aqueous fumaric acid is converted to levorotatory malic acid by the intracellular enzyme, fumarase, which is produced by various microorganisms. A Japanese process for continuous commercial production of S(—)-mahc acid from fumaric acid is based on the use of immobilized Brevibacteriumflavum cells in carrageenan (32). The yield of pyrogen-free S(—)-mahc acid that is suitable for pharmaceutical use is ca 70% of the theoretical. 

A Japanese process developed by Taogosei Chemical Co. chlorinates ethylene directly in the absence of oxygen at 811 kPa (8 atm) and 100—130°C (32). The products ate tetrachlorethanes and pentachloroethane [76-01-7J, which ate then thermally cracked at 912 kPa (9 atm) and 429—451°C to produce a mixture of trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene [127-18-4] and hydrochloric acid. 

HFC [Hydrocracking with fine catalyst] A Japanese process for hydrotreating and hydroconverting petroleum residues. 

Preparation from Polyesters of 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic Acid. In a Japanese process, the required a -hydroxy acid is prepared from 1,12-dodecanediol in... 

The improvement over the existing Japanese processes can be made by developing a more efficient ferrous chelate such that it can provide better absorption efficiency for NO, faster reaction rates between NO and S02> and better stability for the ferrous chelate toward oxidation, compared to Fe +(EDTA) or Fe +(NTA) employed in Japanese processes. The development of an efficient and cost-effective method for the reduction of ferric chelate to ferrous chelate without producing dithionate ions could make the process attractive. In addition to these areas, the study of several alternative approaches and novel ideas could develop into a much more efficient and cost-effective scrubber system employing metal chelate additives. 

Immobilization of the ferrous chelate onto a solid substrate (27). If an efficient Immobilized ferrous-ion catalyst can be found, it could provide important Improvements over the presently available Japanese processes. These improvements include simplification in processes design for species separation, reduction of water, energy, and catalyst consumption, and reduction of operating costs. 

Japanese process for pure terephthalic add", Chon. Engng, 72 (9) 70-72 (1965). 

Several Japanese processes (1, 2), such as the Ishikawajima, Chiyoda, or Mitsubishi processes in which the NO in the flue gas is oxidized to NO2 by O3 and subsequently passed to a NO2/SO2 absorber, have shown that a major fraction of the absorbed N0X is in the form of nitrogen-sulfur complexes, which are the compounds produced in the reaction between nitrite and sulfite ions. 

Ogata, Sadako. Normalization with China A Comparative Study of US and Japanese Processes. Berkeley University of California Press, 1988. 

The majority of cross-linked polyolefin foam sheet products are made by one of the four Japanese processes Sekisui, Toray, Furukawa, and Hitachi, the first two of which use the radiation method and the latter two a chemical method for cross-linking. 

Before committing to the joint venture, your president would like you, as Director of the Corporate Planning Department, to assess the expected economic performance of the Japanese process, as operated at your plant in Iowa and also to ascertain the sensitivity of the process economics to the use of the new organism. 

The Japanese process operates with two fermenter stages. In the first stage, cells are grown to a density of 17.5 g/liter before inducing product expression. The cells are grown from glucose (com symp) according to the overall reaction ... 

For that reason, the Japanese process includes wheat as an ingredient (Fukushima, 1989). Wheat kernels are roasted by hot air treatment, and coarsely milled to gritty particles. The roasting causes the wheat protein and starch to be accessible for enzymic degradation. The wheat grits are mixed with the cooked soya beans to achieve the optimum water activity for fungal SSF, and the mixture is inoculated with tane... 

A situation in which extraction with a near-critical fluid may have a substantial advantage is one in which a high pressure stream of a gas suitable for extraction purposes is required for other aspects of the process. This is the case for example, in a Japanese process for the production of M.E.K. [26], probably with secondary butyl alcohol as intermediate [27]. In this process, which has a throughput of 40 000 tonnes of product per annum, the supercritical extraction step is integrated into the overall process thus, it is claimed, halving production costs [27]. 

O Shitna, E. 1989 Maintenance Practices in Japanese Process Industries. Proc. IF AC Production Control in the Process Industry. Osaka, Japan, 1989. pp 189-94... 

T. Fujimoto, K. Kuwashima, Japanese Process Industries A Competitive Analysis of Their Manufacturing Systems (Yuhikaku Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 2009), pp. 332-357... 

Two Japanese processes have been developed using concentrated (above 62%) sulfuric... 

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