Japanese mosquito

Vector Competence of Japanese Mosquitoes for Dengue and West Nile Viruses... 

Possible Vector of Japanese Mosquitoes Against Dengue Virus... 

Figure 1. Dengue-2 virus titer in 10-pooied different Japanese mosquito species in 10-day intervals after oral infection at 20 and 30 °C, respectively.

Transmission of Mouse-Adapted or Non-mouse Passaged Dengue Viruses by the Japanese Mosquito Species... 

Susceptibility and transmission ability of Japanese mosquitoes, Cx. p. pallens, Cx. p. molestus, Cx. inatomii, Ae. albopictus, and Och.japonicus against WNV were analyzed. The Ugandan strain of WNV was used for oral and intrafhoracically-infection of the mosquito species, except Cx. inatomii and Och.japonicus with the New York strain of WNV. They were maintained for 14 days at 28 °C after the infection. And then they were kept at -80 °C until further investigation. Total RNA were extracted individually and RT-PCR was performed to examine the presence of WNV genome in mosquito parts, abdomen, thorax, legs, and head. Infection and transmission procedures were followed by the methods of Eshita et al. [5] and Hayashi et al. [6]. 

Japanese mosquito species Experimental infection Experimental transmission... 

Dengue Virus, West Nile Virus, Japanese Mosquito, Vector Control, Susceptibility, Transmission... 

In insect control, PEA has been considered as a mosquito repeUant (68), and its acetate has been used as an ingredient in Japanese beetle bait (69). The alcohol also has bacteriostatic action and antiflmgicidal properties (70—73), and it has been claimed as a surface-active agent (74). 

Until recently, the resistance of mosquitoes to pyrethroids has not been taken as a serious issue. In Japan, C. p. pallens and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are the main species living around houses. Although mosquito coils have utilized natural pyrethrins as insecticidal ingredients for about 50 years and then allethrin for about 50 years, there has been no report on resistance development. The reason for this is considered to be the short active time of 4-5 months per year for C. p. pallens. Yasutomi et al. [50] reported in 1989 the presence of pyrethroid-resistant Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Okinawa, but Japanese encephalitis transmitted by C. tritaeniorhynchus decreased markedly after 1992 and disappeared. 

Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-azepine-l-carbothioate) has been widely used for broadleaf and grass weed control in rice culture. The 96-hour LC50 of technical molinate in the common goldfish is 30 ppm (1) and the medium tolerance limits (LTm) for molinate in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) are 16.4 ppm for 96 hours (J2). Kawatsu (3) estimated the 20-day lethal concentration of molinate in Japanese carp (Cyprinus carpio) var. Yamato koi at 0.18 ppm. However, there was no toxic effect of molinate on American carp at concentrations of 10 ppm during a two-week observation (40. ... 

Potential waterborne diseases that follow tsunamis include cholera diarrheal or fecal-oral diseases, such as amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, hepatitis A and E, leptospirosis, parasitic infections, rotavirus, shigellosis, and typhoid fever animal- or mosquito-borne illness, such as plague, rabies, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue fever (and the potentially fatal complication dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome) and wound-associated infections and diseases, such as tetanus. Mental health concerns are another consequence of tsunami events. 

Malaria is caused by several species of Plasmodium parasites which enter the human bloodstream after penetration of the skin by anopheline mosquitos. Nishina et al. have reported 270 MHz Wand lactate concentration measurements on the blood sera from 20 Nigerians seropositive to Plasmodium, 13 seronegative Nigerians and six healthy Japanese controls. Significantly lower W values and high lactate concentrations were reported for the sera of the malaria-positive group than for the other two groups. 

Japanese encephalitis is an arboviral infection spread by mosquitoes in Asia and Oceania. Infection leads to encephalitis in 1 in 20 to 1 in 1000 cases. However, the encephalitis is fatal in about 25% of cases, and neurologic sequelae are manifest in about 30% of cases. Transmission... 

Mosquito-bome members of the genus Flavivims in the family Flaviviridae provide some of the most important examples of emerging diseases, as well as one of the earliest documented disease that spread into a new geographic area Yellow fever virus (YFV) from West Africa into the Americas from the seventeenth century. More recently, the enormous resurgence of DENY in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America and the spread of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) through much of Asia and into Oceania have been recorded (Mukhopadhyay et al. 2005 Mackenzie et al. 2004). 

Class Index C25 Japanese and headache to high fever, headache, stupor, tremors, coma and Vector (Mosquitoes) days Mortality Rate < 60% Reservoir ... 

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