Bacteriostatic action

In insect control, PEA has been considered as a mosquito repeUant (68), and its acetate has been used as an ingredient in Japanese beetle bait (69). The alcohol also has bacteriostatic action and antiflmgicidal properties (70—73), and it has been claimed as a surface-active agent (74). 

The formulation scientist must be aware of interactions between preservatives and other components of a formulation that could compromise the efficacy of the preservative. For example, proteins can bind thi-merosal, reducing preservative efficacy. Partitioning of preservative into a micellar phase or an oil phase (in an emulsion) can also reduce the effective concentration of preservative available for bactericidal or bacteriostatic action. Preservative efficacy testing should be done on the proposed formulation to assure an effective preservative concentration. 

Table 3. Bacteriostatic action of trans- RhL C2] Y against staphylococcus aureus (5)...

Pharmacology Sulfonamides exert their bacteriostatic action by competitive antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), an essential component in folic acid synthesis. 

Buchman III G. W., and Hansen, J. N. (1987). Modification of membrane sulfhydryl groups in bacteriostatic action of nitrite. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 79-82. 

Castellani, A. G., and Niven, C. F., Jr. (1955). Factors affecting the bacteriostatic action of sodium nitrite. Appl. Microbiol. 3, 154-159. 

Tarr, H. L. A. (1941a). Bacteriostatic action of nitrites. Nature (London) 147, 417-418. 

The question of iron chelation as an antibacterial detense is receiving increasing attention. It appears to be far more general than had previously been supposed. t0 An interesting sidelight is that the fever that often accompanies infection enhances the bacteriostatic action of the body s transferrins. 

The potassium salt K[Fe4S3(NO)7] was many years ago shown to exhibit bacteriostatic action against a range of microorganisms, including both aerobic and anaerobic types (130-132) its antiseptic action was shown (130) to provide a good disinfectant of contaminated drinking water. 

The use of pyrazole derivatives in medicine is undoubtedly the principal practical application. Certain alkylpyrazoles have shown quite significant bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, and fungicidal actions.12-16 In this respect sulfonamides based on pyrazole are of particular interest, e. g. Orisul (1) which has a prolonged bacteriostatic action in vivo.17-20... 

Ten years ago a suggestion vas made about the way in which the sulfa drugs exercise their bacteriostatic action. It seems probable that this suggestion is essentially correct. It vas found that a concentration of sulfanilamide or other sulfa drug that would prevent bacterial cul-tuies from growing under ordinary circumstances lost this power when... 

C, D. Conjugated proteins. Prosthetic group. Hormones epinephrine, thyroxin, insulin, cortisone, ACTH. Chemotherapy. Arsphenamine, sulfanilamide and other sulfa drugs, penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, aiireomycin. Bacteriostatic action of sulfa drugs through competition with a bacterial growth substance, para-aminobenzoic acid. 

Many pharmaceutical preparations containing oil-water systems (creams, ointments, or suspensions) are subject to microbial contamination. Bacteria in these heterogenous systems are usually grown in the aqueous phase and at the oil-water interface. To preserve the shelf-life of these preparations, benzoic acid or other organic acids are added as preservatives. Because the microbial cell membrane is lipophilic in nature, the bacteriostatic actions of the acidic preservative are attributable almost entirely to the undissociated acid and not to the ionized form. A good understanding of the partition coefficient and the degree of ionization allows accurate calculation of the free un-ionized acid in the aqueous phase, which provides the bacteriostatic concentration. 

Antagonism between the lincosamides and the macrohde antibiotics has been observed in vitro and was explained by binding to the same subunit of bacterial ribosomes (70). This mechanism of bacteriostatic action also suggests that the lincosamides might prevent the bactericidal action of the penicillins and the cephalosporins. 

Antimicrobial activity sodium lauryl sulfate has some bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive bacteria but is... 

Wiener S. The interference of rubber with the bacteriostatic action of thiomersalate. ] Pharm Pharmacol 1955 7 118-125. 

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate BP is a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, the chief of which is sodium dodecyl sulfate, Cj2H25S04Na. it is very soluble in water and is used pharmaceutically as a preoperative skin cleaner, having bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive... 

Argyrol. TM for an organic compound of silver and a protein, used in medicine for its specific antiseptic and bacteriostatic action. 

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