Jacks Lake

The studies reported here were conducted in several different environments. The lakes studied included Lake Erie, Lake Ontario (Hamilton Harbor at the extreme westerly end of Lake Ontario), and Jacks Lake and Rice Lake in Ontario, Canada. The locations of the stations and study areas are shown in Figure 1 more details are described elsewhere (13, 14). 

Detailed studies of H202 distribution in marine systems and factors affecting its formation have resulted primarily from the work of Zika and co-workers (9, 11, 12, 20-24, 30, 31). These studies indicated that the surface ocean, 5 m and less deep, was close to 100 nM in H202. Some diel variability was reported in subtropical surface waters, but the variation from night to day was approximately 10-20%. Initial studies of Jacks Lake, Ontario, Canada (13), showed surface water (1 m and less) diel variability of from <10 nM at night to >500 nM during the day. The contrasting diel pattern observed in the two systems led us to the next phase of our experiments. 

Figure 4. Rate of formation of H2O2 in Sharpes Bay of Jacks Lake, Ontario, Canada, at several depths, September 1990. (Reproduced with permission from reference 17. Copyright 1990 Academic Press.)...

Table II. The Loss of H202 in Sharpes Bay (Jacks Lake) Water and Filtrates...

Field Studies. Experiments conducted at Jacks Lake (13), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario (14,18), and under laboratory conditions using suspended sediments and natural waters (16,17) have all implicated biological processes in H202 decay. Unfiltered Jacks Lake water (Sharpes Bay) had a half-life (tl/2) for H202 of 7.8 h. Filtrate from 64-, 12-, and 5- xm filters were all similar, with an average f1/2 of 8.6 h. The filtrate of l- xm filtration had... 

Figure 5. Hydrogen peroxide decay rate constants in surface-water samples from Sharpes Bay (in June and September), Jacks Lake, Ontario, Canada, from the East (Station 23), Central (Station 84), and West Basin (Station 357) of Lake Erie and the Chesapeake Bay, plotted as a function of bacteria...

We measured H202 vertical profiles in Lake Erie (14, 18) and noted the similarity with oceanic profiles (23, 24). The major difference is the depth to which H202 is mixed in oceanic environments. To emphasize the effect of solar radiation and wind speed on the distribution of H202 in the epilimnion, we measured four vertical profiles of H202 concentration and temperature in Jacks Lake on 4 days, September 11-14, 1990, all at 4 00 p.m. 

Table VII. Daily Total Solar Radiation at the Surface of Jacks Lake and Integrated H202 Concentration...

Figure 8. Temperature (top) and hydrogen peroxide (bottom) profiles in Sharpes Bay, Jacks Lake, Ontario, Canada, measured on September II, 1990, when conditions were sunny with no wind and on subsequent days that were sunny and windy, hazy and fairly calm, and cloudy and windy.

Lake states jack pine and red pine white pine and tamarack red oak, aspen, and maple birch... 

Jack Simons (283), Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112... 

There are twenty-one significant VMS deposits in the TVB with recent discoveries by Messina Minerals adding to this total (Evans Kean 2002). These deposits include Daniels Pond, Jacks Pond, Bobbys Pond, Long Lake, Tulks East, Tulks Hill, Victoria Mine, Long Lake,... 

British Columbia Jack of Clubs Lake Ore deposits and mining wastes Azcue et al. (1995)... 

Figure 4.12 Reductive dechlorination of PCB 132 enantiomers and products in laboratory microcosms of Lake Hartwell sediments over time concentrations (A-C), enantiomer fractions for PCBs 132 (D) and 91 (E). Autoclaved control with racemic PCB 132 added (open circles, crosshatched bars), live treatments with racemic 132 added (filled circles, filled bars). Racemic value of EF —0.5 denoted by dashed line. (Reproduced with permission from Environmental Science and Technology, Changes in Enantiomeric Fractions during Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of PCB 32, PCB 149, and Arocior 1254 In Lake Hartwell Sediment Microcosms, by Usarat Pakdeesusuk, W. jack Jones et al., 37(6), 1100-1107. Copyright (2003) American Chemical Society)...

Azcue J. M., Mudroch A., Rosa F., and Hall G. E. M. (1994) Effects of abandoned gold mine tailings on the arsenic concentrations in water and sediments of Jack of Clubs Lake, BC. Environ. Technol. 15, 669-678. 

The photo below shows a picture of an agate stone. Jack, who picked up the stone on the Lake Superior shoreline and polished it, insists that agate is a chemical compound. Ellen argues that it cannot be a componnd. Discnss the relative merits of their positions. [Section 1.2]... 

L.J. Gray, Concrete mixtures having stabilized foam admixture, US Patent 8167997, assigned to Jack B. Parson Companies (Salt Lake City, UT), May 1, 2012. 

Jack pine is one of the most important commercial tree species in Canada and the Lake States of USA. Its wood is moderately hard and heavy, and relative to other softwoods, of intermediate strength (Eyre and LeBarron, 1944 Hosie, 1979). It can produce merchantable stands on sites often too poor and infertile for other tree species to thrive (Cayford and McRae, 1983). It has a number of commercial applications, including pulpwood, general construction timber, railway ties, poles, pilings, mine timbers and fuel (Rudolf, 1958 Hosie, 1979 Cayford and McRae, 1983 Law and Valade, 1994). Other applications include the extraction of essential oils for aromatic agents in products such as perfumes, cosmetics and cleaners (Maries et al., 2000). 

Jack pine needlecast fungus ranges from Wisconsin to Nova Scotia. Source differences were found in susceptibility to it, and consistent over years and across sites, when tested in the Lake States (King and Nienstaedt, 1965). The most resistant jack pine populations were from Lower Michigan, the least resistant from northeastern Minnesota. 

In the absence of fire in the Boreal and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Regions, jack pine is often succeeded by the more tolerant black spmce, white spmce and balsam fir (Cayford et al, 1967). On productive sandy sites in Minnesota, it may be succeed by red pine, then white pine and mixed hardwoods in some cases succession is directly to hardwoods such as white birch and trembling aspen (Rudolf, 1965). In the Boundary Waters Canoe Area of northern Minnesota, succession may be to black spmce - feather moss forest types, or balsam fir - white birch - white spmce types (Cayford and McRae, 1983). 

Where the jack pine range overlaps that of lodgepole pine in the west, the latter is preferred for commercial purposes. Extensive jack pine provenance testing has been carried out in eastern Canada and the Lake States. In numerous studies, local seed sources have typically performed well, but provenance transfer may further enhance performance. 

Jack pine is one of the most widespread tree species and is the most widespread pine species in North America, growing farther north than any other pine. It is of significant economic importance in Canada and in the Lake States of the USA, where it is harvested for pulp and lumber products. 

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