IUPAC nomenclature for

In the present nomenclature to be called the diazonio group . In the IUPAC nomenclature for transformations this process is called diazonio-de-hydrogenation , or, in short, diazoniation . 

The literature gives a wide range of practical guidelines for the evaluation of method performance characteristics [58]. Besides the diversity of approaches, also the terminology and way of reporting results vary widely. Differences may occur depending on the purpose and the application field of the method, and validation studies may become more difficult as the complexity of the analysis increases [86]. In what follows, terms and formulas are taken from the accepted IUPAC nomenclature for the presentation of results of chemical analysis [66]. For each validation parameter, definitions, ways of expression, determination guidehnes, and acceptance criteria are reported in Table 5. 

The IUPAC nomenclature for crown ethers is cumbersome and so was trivialized for common use. Dibenzo-18-crown-6 is named as follows dibenzo describes the non-ethyleneoxy content 18, the total number of heteroatoms in the crown ring and 6, the number of heteroatoms in the ring. 

IUPAC, Nomenclature for Regular Single-Strand and Quasi-Single-Strand Inorganic and Coordination Polymers ,... 

Figure 6.31 Application of the Vogtle/Neumann and IUPAC nomenclature for cyclophanes.

The Chemical Abstracts Services Registry Number and IUPAC nomenclature for PVP are [9003-39-8] and l-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer, respectively however, it is known by a variety of approved names by foreign and domestic regulatory authorities. For example ... 

The logical development of the linear fusion of odd rings is described in [73], That report presents both the IUPAC nomenclature for molecules formed by the fusion of tricyclo through heptacyclo pentane modules and a binary code that simplifies the description of the complete set of fused tricyclo through hexacyclo pentane aggregations. The latter examples in Table 3 of Chapter 2, shall focus on cyclopentane as the module of interest. In a similar manner, the extrapolation of linear chains of cyclopentane modules to form the counterpart of helicenes, henceforth referred to as "helicanes", is described in [73]. 

IUPAC Names The IUPAC nomenclature for alkynes is similar to that for alkenes. We... 

The IUPAC nomenclature for amines is similar to that for alcohols. The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms determines the root name. The -e ending in the alkane name is changed to -amine, and a number shows the position of the amino group along the chain. Other substituents on the carbon chain are given numbers, and the prefix N- is used for each substituent on nitrogen. 

The IUPAC nomenclature for carboxylic acids uses the name of the alkane that corresponds to the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. The final -e in the alkane name is replaced by the suffix -ok acid. The chain is numbered, starting with the carboxyl... 

The term enamine is used mainly for classifications of the functional group as an ensemble, but individual compounds are termed with respect to the parent compound usually as amino substituted olefins, i.e. tertiary enamines as (N,iV-dialkylamino)alkenes. The correct IUPAC nomenclature for tertiary enamines is dialkylalkenylamines, i.e. the basic compound in this case is the amine not the alkene. The difference may be demonstrated for two examples 73 is in the first notation l-iV-methylanilino-2-methyl-propene and, in IUPAC notation, iV-methyl-jV-(2-methyl-l-propenyl)aniline. Correspondingly 74 is usually called 2-methyl- 1-pyrrolidinopropene but in IUPAC notation it is jV-(2-methyl-l-propenyl)pyrrolidine. 

The following year, Andrews and Vetter introduced a system which allowed a conversion of the structure into a code with a computer program [88]. These so-called AV-codes (Andrews and Vetter codes) start with a number and a letter representing the C-backbone and the degree of chlorination which are connected to a one to four-digit number by a hyphen. The latter is the isomer-specific assignment. So far, this system is restricted to polychlorinated bornanes since the IUPAC nomenclature for camphenes and dihydrocamphenes is still not completely clarified (see Sect. 1.2). 

In recent years there has been a slow shift to the use of systematic IUPAC nomenclature for heterocycles in which the compounds 1 and 4 are termed naphth [l,8-cd]-l,2-oxathiole-2,2-dioxide and 3H-l,2-benzoxathiole-2,2-dioxide, respectively. In this chapter we have preferred to use where possible the simplest system. 

Solution Alcohols like all other hydrocarbons have a common name, and an lUPAC name which is derived from its parent hydrocarbon chain, its functional groups and their positions. The IUPAC nomenclature for the alcohols replaces the final -e" of the hydrocarbon name by "-0I" and pref-ixes a numeral to indicate the position of the hydroxyl group. When there are two or three hydroxyl (OH) groups on the chain, the suffixes di and tri respectively are added before the -ol moiety. 

As noted in the text, chemists overwhelmingly use the nomenclature system devised and maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC. Rules for naming monofunctional compounds were given throughout the text as each new functional group was introduced, and a list of where these rules can be found is given in Table A.l. 

In this book we use the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1979 Edition ( Blue book , IUPAC, 1979), the Revised Nomenclature for Radicals, Ions, Radical Ions, and Related Species (IUPAC, 1993), and additional rules applied by the Chemical Abstracts Service for the 1987-1991 Index Guide Chemical Abstracts, 1992). 

Ammonia and its inorganic and organic derivatives (HNR R2) couple readily with arenediazonium ions to give triazenes (Ar — N2—NR R2). Originally these compounds were called diazoamino compounds. Nowadays IUPAC nomenclature (IUPAC, 1979, Rule 942.2) recommends that the prefix diazoamino should be used only for compounds with the same organic residue at each end of the — N2 —NH — group. 

For many decades intramolecular O-coupling was considered not to take place in the diazotization products of 2-aminophenol and its derivatives (for a contrary opinion see, however, Kazitsyna and Klyueva, 1972). The compounds were assumed to be present as one structure only, which can be represented as a mesomer of a phenoxide diazonium zwitterion 6.63 b and a diazocyclohexadienone 6.63 a (see reviews by Kazitsyna et al., 1966 Meier and Zeller, 1977 Ershov et al., 1981). In IUPAC nomenclature 6.63 is called 1,2-quinone diazide, in Chemical Abstracts 6-diazo-2,4-cyclohexadien-one (see Sec. 1.3). More recently, however, Schulz and Schweig (1979, 1984) were able to identify the intramolecular product of O-coupling, i.e., 1,2,3-benzooxadiazole (6.64) after condensation of 6.63 in vacuo at 15 K in the presence of argon (see Sec. 4.2). 

Originally the triazenes were called diazoamino compounds, but in the present IUPAC nomenclature (1979) that term may be used only for a special group of triazenes (see Sec. 1.2). 

Not all problems were solved, however, and different usages were encountered on the two sides of the Atlantic. A joint British-American committee was therefore set up, and in 1952 it published Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature [18]. This work was continued, and a revised version was endorsed in 1963 by the American Chemical Society and by the Chemical Society in Britain and published [19]. The publication of this report led the IUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry to consider the preparation of a set of IUPAC Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature. This was done jointly with the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, and resulted in the Tentative Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature, Part I, 1969 , published in 1971/72 in several journals [1]. It is a revision of this 1971 document that is presented here. In the present document, recommendations are designated 2-Carb-n, to distinguish them from the Carb-n recommendations in the previous publication. 

IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), Conformational nomenclature for five- and six-membered ring forms of monosaccharides and their derivatives (Recommendations 1980), Eur.J.Biochem. Ill, 295-298 (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,207,469-472(1981) PureAppl. Chem.,S3,1901-1905(1981) ref.2,pp. 158-161. 

IUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Revised nomenclature for radicals, ions, radical ions and related species (Recommendations 1993), PureAppL Chem., 65, 1357-1455 (1993). 

IUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Revision of the extended Hantzsch-Widman system of nomenclature for heteromonocycles, Pure Appl. Chem., 55, 409-416 (1983). 

Horwitz W (1990) IUPAC, Analytical Chemistry Division, Commission on Analytical Nomenclature Nomenclature for sampling in analytical chemistry (Recommendations 1990), Pure Appl Chem 62 1193... 

The first seven-coordinate phosphorus compound, 12, containing a spiro phosphorus atom has recently been reported <2000IC1338>. The IUPAC recommendations for the nomenclature of spiro compounds was revised and extended in 1999 <1999PAC531>. 

It is of course possible to name individual radialenes according to IUPAC rules [e.g. per(methylene)cycloalkanes 1-4]. However, the descriptiveness of the term radialene may some day pave its way into the official nomenclature. For substituted [ ]radialenes we have proposed1 a pragmatic numbering system, in which an inner ring is numbered first, followed by an outer ring . The numbering of substituents should follow IUPAC rules. Thus, the hydrocarbon 7 is 4,4-diethyl-5,5-dimethyl[3]radialene, the ester 8 should be called 7-methoxycarbonyl-5,5-dimethyl[4]radialene, the nitrile 9 which can exist in four diastereomeric forms is (6Z,7Z)-6-cyano-5,5,7-trimethyl[4]radialene and the difunctionalized [5]radialene 10 is (7 ,6Z)-7-bromo-6-formyl-6-methyl[5]radialene. 

For purely alicyclic compounds, the selection process proceeds successively until a decision is reached (a) the maximum number of substituents corresponding to the characteristic group cited earliest in Table 1.7, (b) the maximum number of double and triple bonds considered together, (c) the maximum length of the chain, and (d) the maximum number of double bonds. Additional criteria, if needed for complicated compounds, are given in the IUPAC nomenclature rules. 

Quite naturally there is a certain amount of arbitrariness in this system, although the IUPAC nomenclature is followed. The preferred Chemical Abstracts index names for chemical substances have been, with very few exceptions, continued unchanged (since 1972) as set forth in the Ninth Collective Index Guide and in a journal article. Any revisions appear in the updated Index Guide new editions appear at 18-month intervals. Appendix VI is of particular interest to chemists. Reprints of the Appendix may be purchased from Chemical Abstracts Service, Marketing Division, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, Ohio 43210. 

Names follow the IUPAC Nomenclature. Solvates are listed under the entry for the anhydrous salt. Acids are entered under Hydrogen and acid salts are entered as a subentry under hydrogen. 

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