Isoprene butyl acrylate

Wootthikanokkhan and Tongrubbai examined the tensile properties of NR/ACM vulcanizates. It was found that increasing the NR content in the recipe improved the mechanical properties. However, that was not the case when the same specimens were heated for 24 h at 140 °C. After this thermal treatment, the vulcanizates with increased ACM weight ratio maintained to a greater extent their initial strain percentage compared to these with lower ACM content. To improve the mechanical response of NR/ACM sulfur-cured vulcanizates, incorporation of CB or compatibilization with poly(isoprene-butyl acrylate) block copolymer (at 5 wt%) has been proposed. ... 

Methyl methacrylate s Methyl acrylate i Butyl acrylate 88 Methacrylonitrile89 Butadiene 99 Isoprene O ... 

Various Ln amides have already been described in Sections 4.3.5 and 4.3.6 as catalysts for polymerisation of ethylene," I38,i4i i43 jjex-l-ene, isoprene,styrene, " methyl methacrylate or other polar monomers such as t-butyl acrylate or acrylonitrile, . 138,143,152,177 nng-opening polymerisation catalysts for e-caprolactone or... 

In contrast to those block copolymers synthesised from styrene in bulk, those synthesised from isoprene and butyl acrylate in emulsion or solution were contaminated by only small amounts of homopolymer. Furthermore, it should be noted that Piirma et al. 74 7S) have turned to the reverse reaction order for preparing poly(styrene-b-MMA), i.e. they synthesised the prepolymer using an azo initiation and the subsequent block copolymer via a peroxide redox initiation. 

Similar to our earlier study (2) some of the materials had a dark band at the phase interface which is believed to be rich in the isoprene component This phenomenon arises from the slow rate of copolymerization of the isoprene monomer with the n-butyl acrylate. The major experimental results of this and succeeding sections are summarized in Table II which shows phase domain dimensions for the several samples. 

Effect of Molecular Structure. Table III shows the effects of the molecular structure of the liquid polymer on the fracture energy of toughened systems. The CTIN is a carboxyl terminated isoprene-acrylonitrile copolymer CTBS is a carboxyl terminated butadiene and styrene copolymer, and CTA is a copolymer of ethyl acrylate-butyl acrylate. 

A less-common activation parameter, the volume of activation (AF ), has been determined for a few Diels-Alder reactions carried out under pressure in liquid phase. The processes are cyclopentadiene dimerisation , isoprene dimerisation , addition of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to butyl acrylate , addition of cyclopentadiene to dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate , and addition of maleic anhydride to 1,3-cyclohexadiene, /rans-l-methoxybutadiene and isoprene . Activation volumes are negative, i.e. the reacting systems contract on passing from the initial to the transition state. In some cases the transition state appears to be even smaller than the adduct, independently of the solvent . Some of these experimental results gave rise to controversial interpretations however, the most recent ones favour a concerted four-center mechanism for the reaction. 

Although block copolymers such as polystyrene-h-poly(butyl acrylate) (PS-Z>-PBA) can be prepared by NMP, the reaction is much more successful if the (PBA) alkoxyamine-terminated block is used to initiate the styrene polymerization than vice versa. However, a PS macroinitiator can be used to prepare well-defined diblocks with isoprene as the second monomer, i.e., (PS-h-PI), using NMP techniques and 2,2,5 trimethyl-3-(l-phenyl ethoxy)-4-phenyl-3-azahexane (TMPAH) as the nitrox-ide mediator. 

Initial studies utilized a poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-SGl macroinitiator for the chain extension of isoprene, but no kinetic data was reported (Matsuoka et ah, 2009). More recently, Nicholas and coworkers reported the polymerization of isoprene with a variety of SGI-based alkoxyamine initiators, and investigated the effect of temperature, alkoxyamine concentration, and structure on the polymerization kinetics (Harrisson et ah, 2011). Optimal control over the polymerization was observed at 115°C where 40% conversion was attained after 16h,butonlymodestmolecular weights were observed (M 8350).Thebest control over the polymerization was observed with SGI-based alkoxyamines which contain secondary and tertiary nonacid groups. 

Block copolymers with styrene and tert-butyl acrylate were also successfully prepared. Germack and Wooley also reported the RAFT polymerization of isoprene using S-l-dodecyl-S -(r,r -dimethyl-r"-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as the CTA with various initiators (Germack and Wooley, 2007). Polyisoprenes with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions 1.2-1.3)... 

Acryl monomers Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Diethyl amino ethyl methacrylate Dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Acrylamide Methacrylamide Vinyl monomers Ethylene Styrene Vinyl chloride Vinyl acetate Vinyl propionate Vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate Vinyl neononanoate Vinyl neodecanoate Vinyl sulfate Diene monomers Butadiene Chloroprene Isoprene... 

A quantitative thermal method, based on the differential of heat capacity signal from modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry, was described for determining the weight fraction of interface and the extent of phase separation in polymer materials. The interface was modelled as discrete fractions, each with its own characteristic increment of heat capacity. The materials used to demonstrate the range of the method were PS blended with poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), pure PS, pure PPO, a styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (SIS), SIS blended with PPO, PMMA/poly(vinyl acetate) blends and PVC sandwiched with poly(n-butyl acrylate). Two-phase and four-phase systems were used. The calculated results agreed well with experimental results for two- and four-phase systems. 20 refs. 

TEMPO 2 is suitable for NMP of styrene (ST), 4-vinylpyridine (VP), butadiene (BD) and isoprene (IP), but not for acrylates or methacrylates. " However, Georges et al. showed that addition of nitroxide reducing additives (see Section 4.3.5.4) allows living polymerization of ra-butyl acrylate (BA) with PDI< 1.4 in up to 50% yield. 

Methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), n-butyl methacrylate (n-BMA), styrene (Sty), acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate (VA), methyl acrylate (MA), isoprene (IP), and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) were all dried over anhydrous barium oxide and distilled at or below 25°C. (except n-BMA, 35°-40°C.) under low nitrogen pressure. Acrylic acid (AA) was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and distilled under vacuum before use. 

PP and PC are immiscible, thus excepting the exploratory use as a plastic paper, only the two ends of the concentration range have been explored, viz. addition of 5 wt% PP to PC (to improve processability of PC) [Dobkowski, 1980], or addition of <10 wt% of PC (to improve PP processability, enhance crystallinity and crystallization temperature, the appearance, modulus, and impact strength) [Liang and Williams, 1991]. For concentrations >10 wt% compatibilization is necessary. This is accomplished using ethylene-acrylic copolymer, cellulosics, PA, PVAc, or TPU [Goldblum, 1963, 1964] an acrylic elastomer, acrylic elastomer with PP-MA and either butyl mbber, or isobutene-isoprene mbber [Teijin Chem., 1982, 1983] SBR and EEA [Liu, 1984] MBS [Overton and Liu, 1984] or EVAc [Giles and Hirt, 1986],... 

Figure 9-33. Selectivity of different polymer membranes to He-N2 separation as a function of nitrogen permeability (n, incm /(cm x atm x s)) (1) polyvinylidenechloride (2,4)polyethylene terephthalafe (3) polyvinylfluoride (5) polyvinylchloride (6) polyamide (7) plasfified polyvinylidene chloride (8) cellulose nitrate (9) polypropylene (lO)fluoroplast (26) (ll)co-polymer of isoprene (74%) and acryl-nitryl (26%) (12, 18, 20) different co-polymers of butadiene and acryl-rritryl (13) polyacrylate (14) polycarbonate (15) polyisobutylene (16) bulyl latex (17) co-polymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate (19, 37) butyl acetate of cellulose (21) polyethylene vinyl acetate (22) polybutadiene (23) special polymer SKI-3 (24) natural latex (25) nitryl silicon latex (26) dimethyl silicon latex (27) special polymer SKS-30 (28) special polymer SKMS-50 (29) special polymer SKMS-30 (30, 34, 35) high-density, medium-densily, and low-density polyethylene (31) polyethylene with 5% soot (32) co-polymer of ethylene (90%) and propylene (10%) (33) co-polymer of ethylene (96.5%) and vinyl acetate (3.5%) (36) triacetate of cellulose (38) acetate cellulose (39) polystyrene.

Polyisobutylene (Butyl Rubber, Copolymer with 0.5-2% Isoprene) (HR) Chloro-Sulfonated Polyethylene (CSM) Ethylene-Propylene Random Copolymer, 50% Ethylene (EPM) Ethylene-Propylene Random Terpolymer 50% Ethylene (EPDM) Poly(Ethyl Acrylate), Usually a Copolymer (ACM) Vinylidene-Fluoride-Chlorotrifluoro Ethylene Random Copolymer (FKM) Vinylidene— Fluoride— Hexafluoropropylene Random Copolymer (FKM)... 

Uses Coupling agent esp. for polyolefins and polyolefin elastomers, min.-and glass-filled formulations, sealants (acrylic, SBR), rubbers (butyl, neoprene, isoprene, fluorocarbon), as primer coal for metals in insert molding... 

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