ISIS-1 study

In acute MI, the ISIS-1 study [88] was organized to assess the effects of early beta-blockade with atenolol on cardiovascular mortality during the first week following infarction and after long-term (mean 20 months) follow-up. There was a 15% reduction in vascular deaths, especially in the early phase of MI. The difference in early mortality was mainly due to a reduction in electromechanical dissociation in the presence of atenolol. In this regard, atenolol is usually given by intravenous injection or infusion to treat cardiac arrhythmias, and it should be noted that atenolol induced atrial fibrillation in half of the so-predisposed patients [89]. 

In addition to thrombolysis and aspirin, a third treatment has been shown to reduce mortality in MI, namely P-blockade. In the ISIS-1 study, atenolol 50 mg was given i.v. followed by the same dose orally. The reduction in mortality is due mainly to prevention of cardiac rupture, which appears interestingly to remain the only complication of MI that is not reduced by thrombolysis. The usual contraindications to P-blockade apply, but most patients with a first MI should be able to receive this treatment. 

The appropriate intravitreal triamcinolone dose has not yet been established. The ISIS study compares 2 mg versus 4 mg of triamcinolone in patients with macular edema. Preliminary data indicates that the 4 mg dose is more effective at treating macular edema (30). Two studies by Jonas et al. (32,33) in Europe, demonstrated measurable vitreous triamcinolone for seven to eight months and 1.5 years, respectively, after an injection of 20 25 mg of the drug. Prospective trials that compare the 20 25 mg dose to lower doses will be necessary to clarify the optimal dosing regimen. 

In recent years Nakamoto (W) has pioneered in the use of Isotopes of the transition metals in order to make assignments of the vibrational bands of their complexes. ISy studying the spectra of °Cr(acac)s and Cr(acac)3, Nakamoto, Udovlch, and Takemoto ( ) were able to assign a band at h60 cm" to a Cr-0 stretching mode and one at 592 cm" to an out-of-plane ring mode. On the basis of 0 - isotopic substitution, the 592... 

The first study was made on the benzene molecule [79], The S ISi photochemistry of benzene involves a conical intersection, as the fluorescence vanishes if the molecule is excited with an excess of 3000 crn of energy over the excitation energy, indicating that a pathway is opened with efficient nonradiative decay to the ground state. After irradiation, most of the molecules return to benzene. A low yield of benzvalene, which can lead further to fulvene, is, however, also obtained. 

Second International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2)," Eaneetii, 349 (1988). 

Third International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group (ISIS-3 trial). Lancet 339, 753 (1992). 

The purpose of this study is only intended to illustrate and evaluate the decision tree approach for CSP prediction using as attributes the 166 molecular keys publicly available in ISIS. This assay was carried out a CHIRBASE file of 3000 molecular structures corresponding to a list of samples resolved with an a value superior to 1.8. For each solute, we have picked in CHIRBASE the traded CSP providing the highest enantioselectivity. This procedure leads to a total selection of 18 CSPs commercially available under the following names Chiralpak AD [28], Chiral-AGP [40], Chiralpak AS [28], Resolvosil BSA-7 [41], Chiral-CBH [40], CTA-I (microcrystalline cellulose triacetate) [42], Chirobiotic T [43], Crownpak CR(-i-) [28], Cyclobond I [43], DNB-Leucine covalent [29], DNB-Phenylglycine covalent [29], Chiralcel OB [28], Chiralcel OD [28], Chiralcel OJ [28], Chiralpak OT(-i-) [28], Ultron-ES-OVM [44], Whelk-0 1 [29], (/ ,/ )-(3-Gem 1 [29]. 

ISIS is only one pulsed source available for the study of liquids. Both the USA and Japan have facilities similar to SANDALS and GEM for studying liquids, but with slightly lower neutron intensity in the forms of the IPNS (Intense Pulsed Neutron Source) at the Argonne National Eab. on the instrument GEAD, and the KEK Neutron Scattering Eacility (KENS) on the instrument ELit II, respectively. 

For ISIS 301012, a second-generation antisense inhibitor of apoB-100 in November 2006. Isis announced results from two Phase 2 clinical trials of ISIS 301012. In the first study repotted, patients with high cholesterol on stable doses of statins were treated with ISIS 301012 for 5 weeks. Patients who received 300 mg/week of ISIS 301012 in this study achieved a 51% reduction in LDL-cholesterol (LDL), a 42% reduction in total cholesterol (TC), and a 4l% reduction in triglycerides (TG) beyond the levels achieved with statins alone. 

Despite these intense efforts to test different chemical modifications, there is so far little success in developing potent and safe antivirals. For hepatitis C virus (HCV), McHutchison et al. reported in vivo side effects of a 20-nucleotide PS-modified ohgonucleotide (ISIS-14803) (McHutchison et al. 2006). In a test group of 28 patients, only 3 patients responded to the treatment by a reduction in the HCV viral load. The researchers concluded that further studies are needed to evaluate this novel agent and its side effects. Previously, ISIS Pharmaceuticals reported a 3.8 log reduction in plasma virus in patients with chronic HCV infection, using ISIS-14803 (www.isispharm.com). 

Hopkins, Arthur John. A study of the Kerotakis process as given by Zosimos and later alchemical writers. Isis 24, no. 79 (Nov 1938) 326-354. 

Thorndike, Lynn. A study in the analysis of complex scientific manuscripts. Sloane 3457 an important alchemical manuscript. Isis 29, no. 2 (Nov 1938) 377-392. 

Keavney B, McKenzie C, Parish S, Palmer A, Clark S, Youngman L et al. Large-scale test of hypothesised associations between the angiotensin-converting-enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and myocardial infarction in about 5000 cases and 6000 controls. International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. Lancet 2000 355 434—442. 

New promising designs have been proposed such as the one under an extensive industrial study on plate IHX to develop fabrication, ISI methods and a design standard for gas reactors [51], and another plate-type design for the indirect cycle reactor plant [52]. These works demonstrate that a plate IHX would simplify integration in the primary system because of its drastically reduced size. 

Predesign (Conceptual design) flow sheet preliminary pid feasibility study preliminary operation instructions material balance energy balance process concept operating conditions sketch of layout isi, pns (coarse Dow F E Index, Mond Index, Hazop)... 

The way of using the index is flexible. Comparisons can be made at the level of process, subprocess, subsystem, or considering only part of the factors (e.g. only process oriented factors). Different process alternatives can be compared with each other on the basis of the ISI. Also the designs of process sections can be compared in terms of their indices in order to find the most vulnerable point in the design. Sometimes a comparison based on only one or two criteria is interesting. E.g. a toxicity hazard study can be done by considering only the toxic exposure subindex. Because its flexibility the total inherent safety index is quite easily integrated to simulation and optimization tools. 

Vertiefende Analyse zu Umweltschutz und Innovation. Study commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and the Federal Environment Agency (UBA). Berlin DIW, Fraunhofer-ISI, Roland Berger. 

If analytical methods are at the heart of biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing, then protein concentration methods are the workhorse assays. A time and motion study of the discovery, development, and manufacture of a protein-based product would probably confirm the most frequently performed assay to be protein concentration. In the 1940s Oliver H. Lowry developed the Lowry method while attempting to detect miniscule amounts of substances in blood. In 1951 his method was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. In 1996 the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) reported that this article had been cited almost a quarter of a million times, making it the most cited research article in history. This statistic reveals the ubiquity of protein measurement assays and the resilience of an assay developed over 60 years ago. The Lowry method remains one of the most popular colorimetric protein assays in biopharmaceutical development, although many alternative assays now exist. 

Baigent C, Collins R, Appleby P, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R, for the ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-2 10 year... 

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