Preliminary operations

Lubricating and seal oil systems cleaned Instrumentation and controls checked Preliminary operation of lubricating and seal oil systems Operation with air Vacuum Equipment Alignment run-in testing Pumps... 

Predesign (Conceptual design) flow sheet preliminary pid feasibility study preliminary operation instructions material balance energy balance process concept operating conditions sketch of layout isi, pns (coarse Dow F E Index, Mond Index, Hazop)... 

Aliquot that quantity of material of proper size for measnrement of the property of interest test portions may be taken from the gross sample directly, but often preliminary operations such as mixing or further reduction in particle size are necessary. 

Processing consists of a series of stages from reception of the products at the plant to their final dispatch. The first main stage comprises a number of preliminary operations to prepare... 

The method of saturating a solutlon of potassa, or of carbonate of potassa, with hydriodic acid, offers very, good results, were it not that the preliminary operation involved in the preparation of the hydriodic add renders the course rather circuitous. By forming an iodide cf Zinc, as recommended by LE Botek and Dumas, the operation is shortened and simplified. Zinc turnings, Water, and iodine are agitated together in a close vessel, and the metallic Salt which is thus produced is afterwards decomposed by addition of carbonate of potaBsa... 

This class of oro is exceedingly valuable to the manufacturer, as the presence of the coal assiata in some of the preliminary operations. These two ores, the... 

Preparation op the Hides.—The tanner, previous to submitting the hides, skins, or kips, to the true tanning process, is under the necessity of subjecting them to one or more preliminary operations, with the view of removing dirt, particles of flesh, and in most cases tho hair and epidermis and the manner in which these are effected is of great importance, as mueh of the success of the subsequent process, and, consequently, of the quality of the leather, depends upon it. 

For these determinations and for the preliminary operations mentioned, the directions laid down by the International Association of Leather Trades Chemists are officially adopted in Europe. These specify also that the results should always represent the mean of two distinct and concordant analyses. The official methods used in America are those of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the United States and of the American Leather Chemists Association and differ in some details from the European methods (see Allen s Commercial Organic Analysis, 1911, 4th edit., Vol. V, pp. 76 et seq.). 

The 60-percent design specifies the detailed design basis, primary process steps, process flow diagrams, major equipment components, monitoring requirements, facility requirements (e.g., building layouts, electrical and ventilation requirements), and preliminary operational strategies. Detailed final specifications of all process components, facilities, and operations are not complete. 

The preliminary operations of preparation of the initial components can be carried out in special centralized chemical production plants or directly in the work bays where the articles are manufactured. When the initial components are obtained in the form of semi-finished products, the manufacturing process is simplified. Semi-finished products are single- or, more often, two-component mixtures, especially die prepolymers used in polyurethane production. Mixtures include chemical reactants and mixtures of polymers or oligomers with different additives required for final items. 

In order to properly characterize the brownfield site, before choosing the specific remediation approach, an Expert Committee was nominated by the Government to coordinate and check the remediation activities. This Committee planned the following activities two monitoring phases, which included waste and soil sampling, groundwater sampling, chemical analyses, map compilation for the pollutant elements, data elaboration and interpretation, asbestos characterization and remediation, and a preliminary operative remediation plan. 

The analytical process involves preliminary operations, measurement of the analytical signal, and acquisition and prooessing of the information it provides. The first step in the prooess varies and inoludes operations such as sampling, dissolution or leaching (of solid samples), filtration, olean-up, preconcentration and derivatization. 

The other preliminary operations following sampling can be dealt with as a whole in relation to the concept sample preparation (SP). This term is widely used at present, but is occasionally confused with sample pretreatment as the boundary between the two (I.e. where sample pretreatment ends or what preoedes and follows sample preparation), if any, is rather ill-defined. To the authors minds, sample preparation includes every step required to make the sample — or, rather, the target analytes contained in the original sample — ready for insertion into the measuring instrument and may involve more than one step this is consistent with lUPAC s statement that sample preparation is intended to transfer or transform the analytes into measurable forms [2]. On the other hand, sample pretreatment can be envisaged as the first step in sample preparation or as a step... 

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