Irrigation solutions

Of these, noxythiolin (N-hydroxy-Af-methylthiourea) has the greatest pharmaceutical use as an antimicrobial agent. The compound is supplied as a dry powder and on aqueous reconstitution slowly releases formaldehyde and iV-mefhylthiourea. Antimicrobial activity is considered to be due to both the noxythiolin molecule and the released formaldehyde. Noxythiolin is used both topically and in accessible body cavities as an irrigation solution and in the treatment of peritonitis. The compound has extensive antibacterial and antifungal properties. 

Urological (bladder) irrigation solutions 7.4 Calcium alginate... 

Large-volume parenterals designed to provide fluid (water), calories (dextrose solutions), electrolytes (saline solutions), or combinations of these materials have been described. Several other specialized LVP and sterile solutions are also used in medicine and will be described here, even though two product classes (peritoneal dialysis and irrigating solutions) are not parenteral products. 

Intraocular irrigating solutions are required to be preservative-free to prevent toxicity to the internal tissues of the eye, particularly the corneal endothelium, lens, and retina [298,299]. These products are intended for single use only to prevent intraocular infections,... 

Irrigating solution containers Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyvinyl chloride... 

OPHTHALMIC IRRIGATING SOLUTION 15-18ML BOTTLE 36 BOTTLES/PACKAGE 6505011197693 PG 63.24 ... 

OPHTHALMIC IRRIGATING SOLUTION 500ML BOTTLE W/HANGING DEVICE 6S 6505011197S94 PG 5,49 ... 

In the eye, hypertonic solutions may cause drawing of water towards the site of application whereas hypotonic solutions may cause water to move from the topical application site through the tissues of the eye. When instilled into the eye, isotonic solutions cause no contraction or swelling of the tissues with which they come in contact, and cause no discomfort. Therefore, it is very important to adjust the isotonicity of topical ophthalmic products. Isotonic adjustments are also important for nasal and aural preparations, parenteral products, and irrigating solutions. In a given product, all the... 

Other routes - Concentrations of 0.25% have been used as irrigating solutions in abscess cavities, pleural space, peritoneal and ventricular cavities. 

Balanced salt intraocular irrigating solution For intraocular irrigating during intraocular surgical... 

Thomas D, Hales P. Overhydration during transurethral resection of the prostate using glycine as an irrigating solution. Anesth Intensive Care 1984 12 366-369. 

Comprising a batch means that products are manufactured in one controlled condition from starting materials to finished product such as ophthalmic irrigating solution in vial form. A product that does not comprise a batch is manufactured individually, such as... 

Containers for blood products Disposable syringes Irrigating solution containers Intravenous infusion fluid containers Administration sets Polyvinyl chloride Polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride Nylon (spike), polyvinyl chloride (tubing),... 

For administration, the drug-impregnated paper strip is moistened with a drop of normal saline or extraocular irrigating solution, and the applicator is gently touched to the superior or inferior bulbar conjunctiva or to the inferior conjunctival sac.To avoid the risk of cross-contamination between eyes, practitioners should use separate applicators for dye delivery to eyes with suspected infection. 

Figure 3-15 Conventional irrigation system. The head is tilted toward the side to be irrigated, and the irrigation solution is collected in a tissue or towel after it has bathed the extraocular tissues.

Note Dilutions are prepared by mixing the indicated number of drops of commercially available drug (numerator of fraction) with the indicated number of drops of extraocular irrigating solution or normal saline (denominator of fraction). Equal drop sizes should be used. 

Kompa S, Redbrake C, Hilgers C, et al. Effect of different irrigating solutions on aqueous humour pH changes, intraocular pressure and histological findings after induced alkah burns. Acta Ophthalmol 2005 83 467-470. 

Solutions, irrigating Solutions, nasal Solutions, ophthalmic Sprays Suspensions... 

Duch-Samper AM, CapdevUa C, Meuezo JL, Hurtado-Sarrio M. Endothelial toxicity of ceftazidime in anterior chamber irrigation solution Exp Eye Res 1996 63(6) 739-45. 

Accidental use of cetrimide solution 0.1% as an irrigation solution during cataract surgery in two cases resulted in immediate corneal edema, which in turn resulted in a severe bullous keratopathy (2). 

These cases of chondrolysis did not result from accidental use of relatively concentrated solutions of chlorhexidine, but from the use of a very low concentration, 0.02%, which is widely used as an irrigation solution during surgical procedures. Chlorhexidine has a damaging effect on the articular cartilage of the knee, and should not be used, even in low concentrations, to irrigate exposed articular cartilage. 

Klebe S, Anders N, Wollensak J. Inadvertent use of chlor-hexidine as intraocular irrigation solution. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998 24(6) 729-30. 

In 118 consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery, the use of supplementary prophylactic vancomycin in the irrigating solution during extracapsular lens extraction was significantly associated with an increased incidence of angiographic and clinical cystoid macular edema (33). 

GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (IM and IV injections, irrigation solutions, oral solutions, suspensions, syrups and tablets, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

---