Iron monochloride

Ma.nufa.cture. Sulfur monochloride is made commercially by direct chlorination of sulfur, usually in a heel of sulfur chloride from a previous batch. The chlorination appears to proceed stepwise through higher sulfur chlorides (S Cl2, where x > 2). If conducted too quickly, the chlorination may yield products containing SCI2 and S Cl2 as well as S2CI2. A catalyst, eg, iron, iodine, or a trace of ferric chloride, faciUtates the reaction. The manufacture in the absence of Fe and Fe salts at 32—100°C has also been reported (149—151). 

Shipment nd Stora.ge, Sulfur monochloride is minimally corrosive to carbon steel and iron when dry. If it is necessary to avoid discoloration caused by iron sulfide formation or chloride stress cracking, 310 stainless steel should be used. Sulfur monochloride is shipped in tank cars, tank tmcks, and steel dmms. When wet, it behaves like hydrochloric acid and attacks steel, cast iron, aluminum, stainless steels, copper and copper alloys, and many nickel-based materials. Alloys of 62 Ni—28 Mo and 54 Ni—15 Cr—16 Mo are useful under these conditions. Under DOT HM-181 sulfur monochloride is classified as a Poison Inhalation Hazard (PIH) Zone B, as well as a Corrosive Material (DOT Hazard Class B). Shipment information is available (140). 

In a batch process (176), a glass-lined jacketed iron vessel is charged with either sulfur monochloride or sulfur dichloride and about 1% of antimony trichloride as a catalyst. Chlorine is introduced into the reactor near the bottom. Liquid oleum is added to the reactor at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction mass is held at ca 25°C by the use of cooling water in the jacket. 

Carbon disulfide and chlorine react in the presence of iron catalysts to give carbon tetrachloride [56-23-5] and sulfur monochloride [10025-67-9] ... 

Pyridazines form complexes with iodine, iodine monochloride, bromine, nickel(II) ethyl xanthate, iron carbonyls, iron carbonyl and triphenylphosphine, boron trihalides, silver salts, mercury(I) salts, iridium and ruthenium salts, chromium carbonyl and transition metals, and pentammine complexes of osmium(II) and osmium(III) (79ACS(A)125). Pyridazine N- oxide and its methyl and phenyl substituted derivatives form copper complexes (78TL1979). 

Redox titrants (mainly in acetic acid) are bromine, iodine monochloride, chlorine dioxide, iodine (for Karl Fischer reagent based on a methanolic solution of iodine and S02 with pyridine, and the alternatives, methyl-Cellosolve instead of methanol, or sodium acetate instead of pyridine (see pp. 204-205), and other oxidants, mostly compounds of metals of high valency such as potassium permanganate, chromic acid, lead(IV) or mercury(II) acetate or cerium(IV) salts reductants include sodium dithionate, pyrocatechol and oxalic acid, and compounds of metals at low valency such as iron(II) perchlorate, tin(II) chloride, vanadyl acetate, arsenic(IV) or titanium(III) chloride and chromium(II) chloride. 

An iron-catalyzed reaction between bis(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfide and sulfur monochloride in dilute chloroform led to a mixture of metacyclophanes in... 

The iron-catalyzed reaction of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene with sulfur monochloride in dilute chloroform gave two polysulfur heterocycles 245 and 246 with six sulfur atoms in the molecule, yields were very low (1979JCS(P1)1712 Scheme 131). 

Selenium and tellurium are converted into their respective tetrachlorides by thionyl chloride, whilst gold, mercury, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, tin and iron give a mixture of the metallic chloride with sulphur dioxide and sulphur monochloride,2 for example ... 

Fifty grams of sulfur monochloride are placed in the distilling flask of the set-up outlined in the procedure for that substance (No. 81). About O.lg of iron powder is added to the liquid as a halogen carrier and bone-dry chlorine is led in steadily (3-4 bubbles/sec) for one-half hour. The dark liquid that is produced is allowed to stand one hour and then... 

Iodine monochloride has been studied with various fluoroolefins yielding the monoadduct in all cases, to produce original activated telogens containing CF2I or, better, CFC1I end group [114, 115, 156]. The addition of IC1 to 1,1-dichlorodifluoroethylene was found to be bidirectional but to a lesser extent [ 114] than in the case of that to CTFE [115] and the use of catalyst (e. g. iron) affects the yield and the amount of by-product. HFP requires heat contrary to other monomers [114]. 

Sulphur monochloride reacts very slowly with j8)8 dichloroethyl sulphide in absence of catalysts, though in presence of iron the reaction is more lively. The products of the reaction are in each case hydrochloric acid, sulphur and a liquid consisting of trichloro- and tetrachloro-ethyl sulphides. 

V. Braun reaction Cyanogen bromide. Phosphorus tribromide. Piperidine. Thionyl chloride. Bromination Aluminum bromide. Aluminum chloride. Boron tribromide. Bromine chloride. N-Bromocaprolactam. N-Bromosuccinimide. Bromotrichloromethane. Cupric bromide. Dibenzoyl peroxide. l,3-Dibromo-5,5-diraethylhydantoin. 1,2-Dibromotetrachloromethane. HBr-scavengers acetamide and potassium chlorate. Iodine. Iodine monobromide. Iron. Mercuric acetate. Phenyl trimethylammonium perbromide. Phosphorus trichloride. Pyridine. Pyridine perbromide. Pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide. Silver sulfate. Sodium acetate. Sodium hypobromite. Sulfur. Sulfur monochloride. Tetramethylaramonium tribromide. M-Tribromoacetophenone. Trichloromethane sulfonyl bromide. Trilluoroacetyl hypobromite. Triphenylphosphine dibromide. 

Pyridazine forms a stable adduct with iodine,751-755 with semiconductor properties.756-758 Similar complexes were prepared from iodine monochloride, bromine,753 and nickel(II) ethyl xanthate.759 Complexes of pyrida-zines with iron carbonyls and with iron carbonyls and triphenylphosphine have been prepared and investigated.760 766 Complexes of pyridazines with boron trihalides,767 silver salts,768 mercury(I) salts,769,770 iridium salts,771-774 ruthenium salts,775,776 and chromium carbonyls are re-... 

Cerium(IV) solutions can be standardized against primary standard AS2O3, Na2C204, or electrolytic iron. The reaction with arsenic(III) is slow, and it must be catalyzed by adding either osmium tetroxide (OSO4) or iodine monochloride (ICl). Ferroin is used as the indicator. The reaction with oxalate is also slow at room temperature, and the same catalyst can be used. The reaction is rapid, however, at room temperature in the presence of 2 M perchloric acid. Nitroferroin is used as the indicator. 

FeCI3 IRON TRICHLORIDE 687 GaCI[g] GALLIUM MONOCHLORIDE (GAS) 731... 

FeS04 IRON SULFATE 720 GeCI[g] GERMANIUM MONOCHLORIDE (GAS) 762... 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS noncombustible liquid, but will support combustion NFPA rating (NA) contact with hot iron causes formation of toxic carbon tetrachloride vapor contact with hot water causes formation of hydrochloric acid, sulfur and carbon dioxide decomposes rapidly at elevated temperatures to give carbon tetrachloride and sulfur monochloride may decompose rapidly on contact with alkalies and amines will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings hazardous decomposition products include carbon tetrachloride, sulfur monochloride, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide use alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for firefighting purposes. 

The catalytically active species formed by the treatment of 2,6-bis(imino) pyridine iron(II) chloride complexes with MAO is generally proposed to be a highly reactive monomethylated iron(ll) cation [LFe-Me] (L = 2,6-bis(imino)pyridine ligand) bearing a weakly coordinating counteranion [Me-MAO]. Both monochloride and monoalkyl cationic species are expected to be present in the solution, their relative concentration depending on the MAO/Fe ratio [24]. 

---