Dichloroethyl sulphide

As objects of research samples of camouflage textile material with dimensions 20x50 mm were used. For contamination of the samples we used mustard agent (P,P -dichloroethyl sulphide) with a purity of 95,6 %. Contamination was accomplished with a special dropper (figure 1) resulting in a weight of the droplets of 0,5.10"6 kg and a density on the test material of 5.10"3kg/m2. 

SYNS BIS(P-CHLOROETHYL)SULFIDE BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)SULPHIDE l-CHLORO-2-(p-CHLOROETHYLTHIO)ETHANE P.P-DICHLOR-ETHYDSULPHIDE D 2,2 -DICHLORODIETHYL SULFIDE DI-2-CHLOROETHYL SULFIDE D P,P -DICHLOROETHYL SULFIDE 2,2 -DICHLOROETHYL SULPHIDE (MAK) DISTILLED MUSTARD KAMPSTOFF LOST MUSTARD GAS MUSTARD HD MUSTARD VAPOR SCHWEFEL-LOST S-LOST S MUSTARD SULFUR MUSTARD SULFUR MUSTARD GAS SULPHUR MUSTARD GAS 1,1 -TH10BIS(2-CHLOROETHANE) YELLOW CROSS LIQUID YPERITE... 

P, (3 -DICHLOROETHYL SULFIDE see BIH250 2,2 -DICHLOROETHYL SULPHIDE (MAK) see BIH250 DICHLOROETHYNE see DEN600 DICHLOROFEN see MJM500... 

It is seen from this table that the variation in the vapour tensions of the war gases is very great. For example, some of these substances have a vapour tension greater than one atmosphere (phosgene, cyanogen chloride), while others (dichloroethyl sulphide, bromobenzyl cyanide) have an extremely low vapour tension, and for this reason special methods are necessary in order to obtain efficient results in using them in warfare. 

Cyanogen bromide. Monochloromethyl chloroformate Chloropicrin. Dichloroethyl sulphide Chloroacetophenone... 

However, Nielson s work shows that these data have only an approximate value and indicate merely the order of magnitude of the persistence. Nielson observed, inter alia, that in Leitner s formula the time of evaporation of a substance is compared with that of water into a dry atmosphere, whereas in practice the atmosphere always contains a certain amount of water which retards the velocity of evaporation. Nevertheless, the data for persistence obtained from Leitner s formula, though they have only an approximate value, are of interest from the practical point of view, for they allow values of the persistences of different gases to be compared. For example, from Table XI it is seen that the relative persistences of dichloroethyl sulphide and lewisite at 25° C. are as 44 is to 6-9, and this signifies that at this temperature dichloroethyl sulphide is about six times as persistent as lewisite. 

Dibromoethyl sulphide is less toxic than dichloroethyl sulphide ... 

This law is not, however, always applicable. With some substances, as dichloroethyl sulphide, diphenyl chloroarsine, etc., it is found that the introduction of further halogen atoms first diminishes and then destroys the aggressive properties of the original compound. 

An example of this observation is found in a comparison of substances containing a sulphur atom with their analogues which contain oxygen. For example, dichloroethyl sulphide... 

Little is known regarding the influence on the aggressive properties of a substance of the introduction of a sulphur atom. In the particular case of the derivatives of dichloroethyl sulphide, it has been observed that an increase in the number of sulphur atoms in the molecule does not notably diminish the vesicatory... 

In coloured substances, increase in molecular complexity leads not to a decrease of the colour, but to its strengthening, while it is observed that an increase in the number of toxophors or auxotoxes in the molecule does not increase the toxicity. Typical is the case of dichloroethyl sulphide in which the introduction of more chlorine atoms into the molecule produces the tetra- and hexachloro- compounds whose aggressive action is practically nil. 

Liquid. Bromine, chloropicrin, dichloroethyl sulphide (mustard gas), etc. 

Persistent Gases. Including substances which vaporise only slowly and remain on the ground for long periods in the liquid or solid state, still retaining their aggressive power dichloroethyl sulphide, etc. 

Yellow Cross Gases. This includes substances with a low vapour tension and high toxic and vesicatory power dichloroethyl sulphide (mustard gas), chlorovinyl dichloroarsine (lewisite), etc. 

B) The Vesicants. These include those substances whose characteristic action is to produce blisters on the skin dichloroethyl sulphide, chlorovinyl dichloroarsine, etc. 

Includes Perchloromethyl mercaptan Dichloroethyl sulphide. Dibromoethyl sulphide. Sulphoxides Sulphones. ... 

II /CHjCHjCl CHjCH2Cl Dichloroethyl sulphide CHaBr—COOC2H5 Ethyl bromoacetate C2H5—ASCI2 Ethyl dichloroarsine >-... 

It combines with hydrogen under the influence of light and heat, and reacts energetically with most of the non-metals forming the respective chlorides. By this method arsenic trichloride may be prepared and this is employed in the preparation of the chlorovinyl arsines (Perkins s method) and diphenyl chloroarsine (Michaelis s method). Sulphur chloride is prepared similarly, and this is employed in the preparation of dichloroethyl sulphide by Guthrie s method. 

In the liquid state phosgene dissolves various substances, as, for example, chlorine in the following proportions at o°C., 6-63% at — 15° C , 20-5%, as well as several of the war gases, such as dichloroethyl sulphide, chloropicrin, diphenylchloroarsine, etc. 

Dichloroethyl ether, though very similar in its chemical properties to the sulphur derivative, has very different physio-pathological properties, being destitute of vesicant power. According to Hofmann this lack of vesicant power must be attributed to the fact that dichloroethyl ether, unlike dichloroethyl sulphide, cannot penetrate the epidermis. 

It may be mixed with chloropicrin and with dichloroethyl sulphide without change. 

Unlike cyanogen chloride, the bromide is not miscible with dichloroethyl sulphide, but reacts with it. It is, however, miscible with chloropicrin. 

Phenyl carbylamine chloride, even when diffused in the air in the vapour state (at concentrations above 4%), produces with the Grignard reagent (see p. 248) a turbidity like that obtained with dichloroethyl sulphide (Hanslian). 

The monosubstituted derivatives, ethyl ]8 chloroethyl sulphide and ethyl ]8 bromoethyl sulphide, are weak in toxicity, as is also the disubstituted compound aa dichloroethyl sulphide. The disubstituted derivative with both the halogen atoms in the )8 position, jSjS dichloroethyl sulphide, however, is powerfully toxic and vesicant it is more commonly known as " Mustard Gas" Other derivatives analogous to /SjS dichloroethyl sulphide have been prepared, such as /S/3 dibromoethyl sulphide and /3/S diiodoethyl sulphide, which have similar physiopathological properties, as well as homologues of /3/S dichloroethyl sulphide such as /3/3 dichloropropyl sulphide (I) and /3/3 dichlorobutyl sulphide (II) ... 

These two substances resemble ]8j8 dichloroethyl sulphide in odour, but show some differences in offensive action, for it has been found that only fiP dichlorobutyl sulphide possesses vesicant action and that to a much milder degree than the ethyl compound. ... 

Of the analogues of dichloroethyl sulphide, the following have a place in the chemistry of the war gases ... 

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