Iodine acetate properties

Physical Properties. Sulfuryl chloride [7791-25-5] SO2CI2, is a colorless to light yellow Hquid with a pungent odor. Physical and thermodynamic properties are Hsted ia Table 7. Sulfuryl chloride dissolves sulfur dioxide, bromine, iodine, and ferric chloride. Various quaternary alkyl ammonium salts dissolve ia sulfuryl chloride to produce highly conductive solutions. Sulfuryl chloride is miscible with acetic acid and ether but not with hexane (193,194). 

Nucleophilic Trapping of Radical Cations. To investigate some of the properties of Mh radical cations these intermediates have been generated in two one-electron oxidant systems. The first contains iodine as oxidant and pyridine as nucleophile and solvent (8-10), while the second contains Mn(0Ac) in acetic acid (10,11). Studies with a number of PAH indicate that the formation of pyridinium-PAH or acetoxy-PAH by one-electron oxidation with Mn(0Ac)3 or iodine, respectively, is related to the ionization potential (IP) of the PAH. For PAH with relatively high IP, such as phenanthrene, chrysene, 5-methyl chrysene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, no reaction occurs with these two oxidant systems. Another important factor influencing the specific reactivity of PAH radical cations with nucleophiles is localization of the positive charge at one or a few carbon atoms in the radical cation. 

As esters the alkyl halides are hydrolysed by alkalis to alcohols and salts of halogen acids. They are converted by nascent hydrogen into hydrocarbons, by ammonia into amines, by alkoxides into ethers, by alkali hydrogen sulphides into mercaptans, by potassium cyanide into nitriles, and by sodium acetate into acetic esters. (Formulate these reactions.) The alkyl halides are practically insoluble in water but are, on the other hand, miscible with organic solvents. As a consequence of the great affinity of iodine for silver, the alkyl iodides are almost instantaneously decomposed by aqueous-alcoholic silver nitrate solution, and so yield silver iodide and alcohol. The important method of Ziesel for the quantitative determination of alkyl groups combined in the form of ethers, depends on this property (cf. p. 80). 

Next to iodine there is also another class of neutral Lewis acids known. Tetracyanoethylene, dicyanoketene acetals and derivatives can catalyse reaction due to their tt-Lewis acid properties. They promoted the alcoholysis of epoxides [238], tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols [239], monothioacetahzation of acetals [240], and carbon-carbon bond formation of acetals [241,242] and imines [243] with silylated carbon nucleophiles. 

A review article (86CHE1) that includes discussion of the properties of oxo- and thioxo-l,3-thiazines quoted C-5 as the most activated to electrophilic attack. Halogenation certainly occurs exclusively at this position even under very mild conditions. Molecular bromination of 4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-l,3-thiazin-6-one (64) proceeded satisfactorily in dioxan, carbon tetrachloride, or acetic acid with the highest yield of 5-bromo product being obtained in the last-named solvent, perhaps because 64 was more soluble in acetic acid. Iodination could only be accomplished using iodine monochloride [79CHE37 90AHC(50)85]. 

The properties of niobium (V) chloride are well known. Cesium hexachloroniobate(V) is a bright yellow, crystalline, moisture-sensitive compound. It is soluble in iodine (I) chloride, less so in iodine (I) chloride-thionyl chloride mixtures, and completely insoluble in thionyl chloride it is very slightly soluble in acetonitrile and nitromethane but insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, ethyl acetate, and diethyl... 

For purification, the crystalline hexaatomic sulfur is dissolved in benzene (approx. 100 mg./l.) toluene is not suitable (see Properties). The benzene solution is extracted with a series of reagents, three or four extractions being made with each reagent except where otherwise indicated. (For 200 ml. of benzene solution, 50-ml. portions of reagent are used). The reagents are employed in the following order (1) water, (2) 10% aqueous potassium triiodide, until the benzene phase remains colored from iodine, (3) 10% aqueous potassium iodide, (4) water, (5) 5% aqueous lead acetate, twice, (6) water, (7) 5 % aqueous potassium hydroxide, once, (8) water. The purified solution is dried over magnesium sulfate and should be used immediately. The approximate concentration of Sg can be determined spectro-photometrically at 300 mju (e = 181 l./g.-atom) after suit-... 

But if, in these various cases, we can put beyond doubt the existence of the same gas in two distinct polymeric forms, we are indebted to the phenomena of false equilibrium in the conditions of temperature and pressure for which the states of false equilibrium would not be produced, oxygen, taken in definite conditions, would always enclose a determined amount of ozone at a given pressure and temperature its properties would.be perfectly determined but its density taken with respect to a perfect gas would vary with the pressure and with the temperature oxygen would behave, in terms of the variation of density produced by a rise in temperature, just as do sulphur vapor, iodine vapor, acetic acid vapor one may not, therefore, argue from this fact that at a given pressure and temperature each of these gases exists in a perfectly determined state in order to deny, for each of them, the coexistence of two polymers one may nierely conclude there are not produced phenomena of false equilibrium in the conditions of temperature and pressure for which the experiments have been performed. 

I have not yet endeavoured to procure the methyl free from admixture with hydride of methyl, but have no doubt that, by collecting the gas as evolved firom the decomposition-tube over mercury, and absorbing the zincmethylium vapour by dry iodine, the methyl would be left in a state of purity. It perfectly resembles in its properties, chemical and physical, the methyl procured by Kolbe from the electrolysis of acetic acid. ... 

Properties Light-red, oily liquid fatty odor. D 0.93, iodine value 65-75, titer below 0C, pH 7.7-8.2 (25C) (5% aqueous dispersion). Soluble in ethanol, naphtha, ethyl acetate, methanol partly soluble in cottonseed oil insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties Cream-colored paste faint odor. Mp 23-27C, d 0.98, FFA <2.5%, iodine value 5-8, pH 8.0-8.6 (25C) (5% aqueous dispersion). Dispersible in water soluble in methanol and ethanol, toluene, naphtha, mineral oil, cottonseed oil, ethyl acetate. Combustible. 

Iodine, m.p. 113.6°, sublimes readily, a property that can be used for its purification. To remove chlorine or bromine present as impurity, sublimation is effected in presence of potassium iodide. Iodine is only slightly soluble in water (0.28 g/1 at 20°), but readily so in mineral acids or aqueous potassium iodide (15.9 g/1 in 0.12n-KI and 420 g/1 in 1.9n-KI). At room temperature iodine dissolves readily in ether, methanol, ethanol, CS2, or benzene, and moderately in acetic acid, CHC13, CC14, and light petroleum. Iodine can be dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride, concentrated sulfuric acid, or phosphorus pent-oxide. It is not hygroscopic. For the preparation of very pure iodine see reference1 ... 

Tetrahydropalmatine yields a hydrochloride which is moderately soluble in boiling water and only sparingly soluble in cold water. This property, together with the fact that the hydrochloride is readily extractable from hydrochloric acid solutions of plant extracts by means of chloroform, renders its isolation and purification a simple procedure. The hydrochloride of the dZ-form is appreciably less soluble than that of the d- or Z-forms and separates in stout prisms even from hot aqueous solutions. The alkaloid is readily oxidized by air and slowly becomes yellow owing to the formation of palmatine. This oxidation can be readily completed by means of alcoholic iodine solutions when palmatine iodide is formed, or it may be brought about by heating in dilute acetic acid with mercuric acetate (224). 

Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones. Hyper-valent iodine compounds have powerful oxidizing capabilities. However, IBX possesses different properties than many similar oxidants, such as the related analogs iodoxybenzene and m-iodoxybenzoic acid. Until recently, the major application of IBX was its use in DMSO for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes at room temperature, without the danger of over-oxidation to carboxylic acids. The related iodo-oxy reagents oxidize benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes at elevated temperatures in benzene (80 °C, 5-10 h) or in acetic acid (rt, 24 h), while IBX oxidizes the same compounds in 15 min (or less) at room temperature. IBX is equally effective for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones under analogous conditions. Even sterically hindered alcohols are readily oxidized. Bomeol undergoes smooth oxida-... 

Properties Pale yel. tenacious, unctuous mass faint char, odor sol. in IPM, ethyl acetate si. sol. in min. oil, propylene glycol laurate insol. in castor oil, glycerin, propylene glycol, acetone, ethanol, water sp.gr. 0.94-0.97 (15 C) m.p. 38-44 C iodine no. (Hanus) 18-36 flash pt (OC) 455 F 100% NV 0.25% max. water Toxicology No known effects from overexposure Natralube 120 [Fanning]... 

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