Plant facilities investment

The capital needed to supply the necessary manufacturing and plant facilities is called the fixed-capital investment, while that necessary for the operation of the plant is termed the working capital. The sum of the fixed-capital investment and the working capital is known as the total capital investment. The fixed-capital portion may be further subdivided into manufacturing fixed-capital investment and nonmanufacturing fixed[Pg.157]

The principle advantage of dry extruder preparation is that no expensive stacked-tray cookers or steam boiler are required, and the total capital investment for facilities under 100 tons per day in size is significantly less than for traditional full-press or solvent extraction processes. Therefore, this means of preparation is commonly applied in very small-scale plants commonly referred to as mini-mills. The primary disadvantage of dry extruder preparation is that the meal produced is higher in fat content than many poultry producers desire, and lower in bypass protein than many cattle producers desire. Thus, meal produced from a full-press mill using dry extrusion preparation generally obtains a lower price than meal produced from a traditional full-press operation. 

A late 1977 cost basis is used. The plant facilities investment represents the capital cost of the plant as erected and awaiting start-up. Constant-dollar economics are used. Plant construction periods range from 2 to 4 years, depending on plant complexity. Site-specific investments (e.g., townsites) and across-the-board contingency factors are excluded from the analysis. ... 

Investment, Millions of Dollars(1977) Plant Facilities Investment 48.5 18.1... 

It is interesting to note that the required pretreatments and product value follow almost reverse orders. However, many other factors should be included for an adequate comparison of these alternatives the possibility of carrying out the treatment in existing or new facilities, minimum size of the industrial plants needed to be profitable, required investment, plant location, etc. Hofmann and Gebauer19 have identified the main problems involved in several of the feedstock recycling methods ... 

Competitive capital ventures. The over-all investment picture must be considered. If competitive electric power is available from a progressive and reliable utility, the capital should not be invested in a company-owned electric generating plant, but in additional chemical plant facilities which yield higher returns. 

The product is suitable for both injection-moulded printed, circuit board mounted connectors as well as for compounders using larger extruders that operate at higher temperatures. The French unit of the company received much investment now enjoyed by the new owners, Albemarle. The facility houses a pilot plant facility which has been focussing on expansion of the portfolio for use in glass-filled polyamides and other grades for high temperature applications. 

The multi-period deterministic model that is developed next provides a flexible connectivity framework for the design of SCs. The model assumes that equipment is available for eventual installation at potential locations and assists in its selection. The model also allows the expansion of the capacities of the plant equipment, not only in the first planning period but also during any other period in which managers believe that opportunities to invest in facilities may result in a more favorable performance. The problem can be stated as follows ... 

Steam-Generating Facilities These form the second largest investment item for chemical-plant auxiliaiy equipment. Variations in capacity, location indoors or outdoors, the type of fuel used, pressure and temperature levels, and the type of process served have an important effect on actual cost as well as on cost relative to other auxiliaiy items. Package boiler instaUations can be purchased as shop-built units which are assembled, piped, and wired ready to be erected on the owner s foundations. They are available in units up to about 136,000 kg/h (300,000 Ib/h), although units larger than about 45,360... 

Objectives Maximize economic benefit, operate the plant at its maximum efficiency at all operation points Maximize economic benefit, operate the plant at its maximum efficiency at all operation points Optimize overall facilities design and investment... 

DAICEL aiiiiouiicemeiit Daicel has announced an investment in a SMB production plant with columns of 100 mm i.d. to be installed in their facilities at Arai (Japan). This plant produces hundreds of kg per year for a drug currently manufactured by Nissan Chemicals (Japan Chemical Week, December 4, 1997). 

Partial methane oxidation comprises very high rates so that high space-time yields can be achieved (see original citations in [3]). Residence times are in the range of a few milliseconds. Based on this and other information, it is believed that syngas facilities can be far smaller and less costly in investment than reforming plants. Industrial partial oxidation plants are on the market, as e.g. provided by the Syntroleum Corporation (Tulsa, OK, USA). Requirements for such processes are operation at elevated pressure, to meet the downstream process requirements, and autothermal operation. 

Historically, U.S. pulp and paper companies have invested heavily in capital improvements to their facilities. Capital investments in recent years, however, are well below historic levels due to the difficult market conditions. For the first time, industry capacity actually declined in 2001.1 2 3 Because few new mills are being built, most capital expenditures are for plant expansions, upgrades, and environmental protection initiatives at existing facilities. Throughout the time period 1985-1999, capital improvements related to environmental protection claimed from 4% to 22% of the total investments, with significant increases in the early and late 1990s.1... 

---