Invasion variants

Repar KG, Fennell DI The Genus Aspergillus. Baltimore, Williams Wilkins, 1965, pp 1-686. Bardana EJ The clinical spectrum of aspergillosis. 2. Classification and description of saprophytic allergic and invasive variants of hitman disease. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1980 13 85-159. 

Recently, Caduff et al. (1999) have evaluated abnormalities in p53 and Ki-ra.v in malignant and borderline ovarian tumors of various histological types in paraffin-embedded tissues. The patterns of these genetic alterations in borderline and malignant neoplasms were compared and correlated with cell type and stage. This preliminary molecular analysis suggests that serous borderline tumors have the same molecular features usually associated with malignancy but are unlikely to represent a precursor of invasive serous carcinoma. On the other hand, mucinous borderline tumors may represent a precursor or variant of mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. 

Khor, C.C., Chapman, S.J., Vannberg, F.O., Dunne, A., Murphy, C., Ling, E.Y., Frodsham, A.J., et al., A Mai functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis. Nat Genet 39 (2007) 523-528. 

Also the metastatic phenotype is not homogeneous within a tumor population, which is rather composed of a variety of cell subpopulations with widely differing invasive and metastatic capabilities (Hart and Fidler, 1981). By using a modification of the classical fluctuation test of Luria and Delbriick to distinguish between selection and adaptation in the origin of bacterial mutants, metastatic variants have been shown to pre-exist within a tumor... 

Basically, harvest of invasive cells after any invasion assay (see Chapter 4) can be used to select a cell population with increased invasive ability. Poste et al. (1980) have used the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, a canine blood vessel perfusion-invasion chamber, or retrograde injection of tumor cells in the mouse bladder, to select tumor cell variants with respect to their invasive ability. B16-BL6 melanoma cells, widely used as a prototype of highly invasive metastatic cells have been subjected to six rounds of selection with the bladder system. The application of these three systems for selection is described in detail in the original paper (Poste et al., 1980), and will not be treated further here. 

Kerbel, R. S. and Man, M. S. (1984). Single-step selection of unique human melanoma variants displaying unusually aggressive metastatic behavior in nude athymic mice. Invasion Metastasis 4(Suppl. 1), 31 3. 

Nicolson, G. L., Belloni, P. N., Tressler, R. J., Dulski, K. M., Inoue, T. and Cavanaugh, P. G. (1989). Adhesive, invasive and growth properties of selected metastatic variants of a murine large-cell lymphoma. Invasion Metastasis 9, 102-116. 

Poste, G, Doll, J., Hart, I. R. and Fidler I. J. (1980). In vitro selection of murine B-16 melanoma variants with enhanced tissue-invasive properties. Cancer Res. 40, 1636-1644. 

Weidner N, Semple JP. Pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Hum Pathol. 1992 23 1167-1171. 

Fisher ER, Gregorio RM, Redmond C, et al. Tubulolobular invasive breast cancer A variant of lobular invasive cancer. Hum Pathol. 1977 8 679-683. 

Pettinato G, Manivel CJ, Panico L, et al. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast Clinicopathologic study of 62 cases of a poorly recognized variant with highly aggressive behavior. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 121 857-866. 

Zelle, M. R., Lincoln, R. E., Young, G. A., Jr., Ibid., 79, 247 (1946). Respiratory pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis spores. Genetic variation in respiratory pathogenicity and invasiveness of colonial variants of B. anthracis. 

CoUesi, C. Santoro, M.M. Gaudino, G. Comoglio, P.M. A splicing variant of the RON transcript induces constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and an invasive phenotype. Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 5518-5526 (1996)... 

Pathological criteria for classifying thyroid cancer may show discrepancies in the differentiation between foUicu-lar adenoma and minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, and between follicular neoplasia and the folficular variant of papillary carcinoma (Lloyd et al., 2004 Saxen et ai, 1978). The inclusion of papillary microcarcinomas (1.0 cm or less in diameter), which are usually incidental findings or detected by the use of ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (Lin et al., 1997), the existence of radioactive fallout, which may lead to an increase of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and a rise in population age with time, should also be taken into account when analyzing the epidemiology of thyroid cancer. 

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