Introduction to Nanoscale

Di Ventra M, Evoy S, Heflin JR Jr, eds. Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology. New York Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. 

Di Ventra, M., Evoy, S., and Heflin, J. R. (2004), Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology, Springer. 

A nano-light-source generated on the metallic nano-tip induces a variety of optical phenomena in a nano-volume. Hence, nano-analysis, nano-identification and nanoimaging are achieved by combining the near-field technique with many kinds of spectroscopy. The use of a metallic nano-tip applied to nanoscale spectroscopy, for example, Raman spectroscopy [9], two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy [13] and infrared absorption spectroscopy [14], was reported in 1999. We have incorporated Raman spectroscopy with tip-enhanced near-field microscopy for the direct observation of molecules. In this section, we will give a brief introduction to Raman spectroscopy and demonstrate our experimental nano-Raman spectroscopy and imaging results. Furthermore, we will describe the improvement of spatial resolution... 

K.J. Klabunde, Introduction to Nanotechnology, in Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry, ed. by K.J. Klabunde (Wiley Interscience, New York, 2001)... 

What will arise from the widescale introduction of nanoscale materials into our world Are we on the verge of upsetting the natural balance in ways that cannot be overturned These are serious questions that may only be answered through far-reaching research endeavors, many of which are currently being investigated. In particular, we must first determine the toxicological/environmental consequences of nanoscale materials with comparisons to known contaminants such as colloids, aerosols/smoke particulates, and asbestos. Some important questions that must be addressed... 

Besides the direct generation of nanodiamond in a detonation, the required pressure can also be achieved by the achon of an external shock wave. Usually, the latter is induced by an explosion too and compresses the carbon material that is enclosed in a kind of capsule. A catalyst Hke, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, nickel, or cobalt is frequently employed in this process. It has already been mentioned in the introduction that nanoscale diamond particles had been prepared quite early by the conversion of other carbon materials in a shock wave. Soon after this discovery, researchers of the DuPont Corp. developed a method also based on shock action that yields very small diamond particles. These are processed by subsequent sintering to give utterly durable cutting and poHshing tools. 

With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology and the introduction of nanoscale substances into US commerce, the EPA has had to consider... 

An important idea that underpins much of nanotechnology is that by controlling composition, size, and structure at the nanoscale one can engineer almost any desired properties. This is particularly trae for NPs as demonstrated by their many varied technological apphcations. They also have considerable fundamental interest as one can study the emergence of bulk properties (i.e. electronic, chemical, stmctural, thermal, mechanical, and optical) as the number of atoms in the particle increases from one to many thousands. The aim of this chapter is to provide a broad introduction to NP systems, with particular attention paid to stmeture and its connection to various properties (so-called structure-property relationships). This chapter is divided into three main parts. First in Section 2.2, some general issues concerning the atomic structure of NPs and its dependence on various factors, such as particle size and the presence of a support, are discussed. Associated properties of NP systems, such as chemical... 

Previous reviews on this topic have included many aspects of anion recognition by metal-based receptors [1-6]. This review does not seek to be comprehensive instead it is designed to provide an introduction to the area by highlighting notable examples and to bring the reader up to date with significant recent results, especially in the apphcation of metal-based anion receptors in surface fabricated nanoscale sensor systems. 

An introduction to control theory, with sample applications in biological, electronic, quantmn, information, mechanical, and aerospace systems and robotics, and a discussirm of the modeling that is necessary for control algorithm design can be foimd in Astrom and Murray [2]. A more limited discussion of implementing control for systems well described by linear dynamics can be foimd in [4]. Modem and future high-impact applications for control theory are discussed in the report [5]. Directions for and challenges in control of micro- and nanoscale systems are... 

Barron LD (2009) An introduction to chirality at the nanoscale. In Amabilino DB (ed) Chirality at the nanoscale nanoparticles, surface, materials and more. Wiley, Weinheim... 

Huang J, Ichinose I, Kunitake T (2005b) Nanocoating of natural cellulose fibers with conjugated polymer hierarchical polypyrrole composite materials. Chem Commun 13 1717-1719 Kaplan DL (1998) Introduction to biopolymers and renewable resources. In Kaplan DL (ed) Biopolymers from renewable resources. Springer, Berlin Kumar AP, Depan D, Tomer NS et al (2009) Nanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-trends and future perspectives. Prog Polym Sci 34 479-515 Lindblad MS, Liu Y, Albertsson A-C et al (2002) Polymers from renewable resources. Adv Polym Sci 157 139-161... 

G. Yoshikawa, Nanomechanicai sensors and membrane-type surface stress sensor (MSS) for medical, security and environmentai appiications, Manipuiation of Nanoscale Materials An Introduction to Nanoarchitectonics, The Royai Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London, UK, (2012) pp. 428. 

The physical quantity "temperature" is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and statistical physics. In the present paper the short introduction to the classical concept of temperature for macroscopic equilibrium systems was given. The concept of temperature was discussed regarding the nanoscale physics and non-extensive systems. It was shown forget that it is necessary to remember about the conditions to be satisfied in order to introduce "temperature" in macroscopic physics. The concept of "spin temperature" in condensed matter physics was reviewed and the advantages of thermodynamic approach to the problems of magnetism was illustrated. Partially, two temperatures spin thermodynamics was analyzed and the conditions when such approach is valid was studied. 

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