Intrinsically Antistatic Compositions

Antistatic thermoplastic resin compositions that are intrinsically antistatic have been described. These are, for example, thermoplastic resin compositions composed from poly(ether ester amide) and a thermoplastic resin e.g., styrene based resins, poly(phenylene ether) resins and poly(carbonate) resins. These compositions are permanently antistatic and are excellent in their mechanical properties. The compositions are suitable for housing of optical or magnetic recording media (11). 

Compositions made from poly(ether ester amide)s, styrene resins, poly(phenylene oxide) and PC are suitable antistatic compoimds. Preferably, the compositions also comprise PS modified by methyl acrylate (11). Copolymers comprising polymer blocks and poly-(ether) blocks -C2H4-O- need a compatibilizing agent. This is chosen from copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride (12). 

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T. Fukumoto, M. Iwamoto, and A. Kishimoto, Intrinsically antistatic thermoplastic resin compositions., EP Patent 0242158, assigned to Toray Industries, October 21,1987. 

Finally we address the emulsion layers that contain light-sensitive silver halide. Some of these other layers, as discussed above, contain particulates such as matte beads in overcoats, nanoparticulate semiconductors in antistat layers, copolymeric latexes in subbing layers, etc. Such layers are intrinsically composite multiphase layers, and this is also the case for the light-sensitive emulsion layers. In addition to microcrystals or nanocrystals of silver halide, present to capture light and to form developable... 

Intrinsically Conducting Polymers and Their Composites for Anticorrosion and Antistatic Applications... 

Of all known intrinsically conducting polymers, polypyrrole is probably the one most frequently used in commercial applications, mainly due to the long-term stability of its conductivity and to the possibility of forming homopolymers or composites with optimal mechanical properties [1-5]. The preparation of soluble and processible polypyrroles, with an additional improvement in atmospheric stability, makes these materials serious candidates for use in technological applications, for example, for antistatic or magnetic shielding coatings [6-8], sensors and actuators [9-11], batteries [12-14], and molecular devices or modified electrodes [15-18]. 

Thin solid films are layers that are present on a surface and have their top interface exposed to the environment Their extreme thinness in comparison with their lateral dimensions makes them systems that are infinite in two dimensions and are confined between an infinite gaseous phase and an infinite solid phase in the third one. As a result the global property of a layer is a combination of bulk and interface properties thus, one has to take into accoimt the thickness of the layer and the nature of the substrate when designing a coating for a specific application. Thin layers can be used for various purposes, depending on their surfece and/or bulk intrinsic properties. They can be dense, porous, patterned, multilayered, composite, and so on. Sol-gel films can be found in many different application domains such as optics (e.g., antireflection, self-cleaning, smart windows, and conductive transparent layers), electronics (e.g., microfabrication, low-/ , and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)), protection (e.g., anticorrosion, anti-abrasion, and antistatic), and analysis (e.g., selective sensors). In most of these applications, the function must be identical on the whole surface of the substrate, and thus the thickness has to be controlled as much as possible and must be as uniform as possible. 

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