Intravenous injection jugular vein

Bolus intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injections can be administered by a single person by securing the animal s arm through the cage bars (Mazue and Richez, 1982). For safety considerations, many investigators prefer to have the animal physically restrained by a second person before the injection is given. Arterial injections (via the femoral artery) as well as limited or continuous intravenous infusion (via catheterization of the femoral or jugular vein) are other less commonly used parenteral routes in the monkey. 

Another study of the effects of I on the cardiovascular systemic concluded that, in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, the response of blood pressure to intravenous administration of I is a resultant of two separate effects a direct myocardial stimulation that was stopped with dichlorolsoproterenol and a stimulation of vascular smooth muscle that results in a slight increase in renal arterial pressure and a slight decrease in renal arterial flow. Neither atropine nor dichlorolsoproterenol affected these vascular effects. Injections of 1 into a jugular vein or a renal artery had no consistent effect on catecholamine concentrations in plasma taken from a femoral artery or a renal vein. In seven experiments in which I at 21-35 mg/kg was injected into a jugular vein, the mean blood pressure increased from 176/125 + 22/11... 

Bile secretion is studied in anesthetized bile fistula rats, which are anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg), tracheotomized, and one jugular vein per rat is cannulated for intravenous administration (bolus injection or infusion of the drug candidate). Anesthesia is maintained for up to 7 hours by subcutaneous infusion of pentobarbital sodium (adjusted to the aesthetic depth of the individual animal about 24 mg/kg/h). Body temperature is monitored with a rectal probe thermometer, and temperature is maintained at 37 °C by means of a heated surgical plate. 

After laparotomy, the common bile duct is cannulated in the upper half with polyethylene tubing and bile is collected every 30 minutes up to 7 hours. The drug candidate is administered at an appropriate dose by bolus injections intravenously into the jugular vein one hour after finishing surgery or by intraperitoneal administration of a 1 % carboxymethylcellulose suspension, if not adequate soluble for an intravenous... 

Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 260-300 g are used. The animals receive the test compound or the vehicle (controls) by oral, intraperitoneal or intravenous administration. After the end of the absorption time (i.p. 30 min, p.o. 60 min, i.v. variable), rats are anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (i.p.). One carotid artery is cannulated for blood withdrawal and one jugular vein is cannulated for inducer injection. The animals receive an intravenous injection of heparin and 20 min later, approx. 100 il blood are collected (initial value). Ten min later, the thrombocytopenia-inducing substance collagenase is administered intravenously. 

In these experiments, the extract was injected intravenously into the test rats which were bled 10 min later from the jugular vein. The effect of the extract on plasma LH activity of the test animals was estimated by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion test. The factor has been found to be effective in a variety of situations. It is active in normal female rats and in ovariectomized rats in which the release of LH has been inhibited either by administration of gonadal steroids or by lesions in the median eminence (ME) (2). This latter observation is important because it indicates that the LRF acts directly on the anterior pituitary to release LH. An indirect action via the nervous system would have been blocked by these lesions which interrupted neural control over LH secretion. Further evidence that the LRF acts directly on the gland to release LH has been provided by the experiments of Campbell t l. (7) in rabbits and Nikitovitch-Winer (8) in rats. They showed that infusion of hypothalamic extract directly into the anterior lobe of the pituitary could evoke ovulation. Systemic administration of the same dose of extract was without effect. Schally Bowers (9) have demonstrated an LH-releasing action of h3rpothalamic extracts on pituitaries incubated vitro and we have recently confirmed this observation (Watanabe Ratner, unpublished data, 1965). This provides further evidence that LRF acts directly on the h3rpophysis. 

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