Liposome intravenous injection

Ellens, H., Morselt, H., and Scherphof, G. (1981). In vivo fate of large unilamellar sphingomyelin-cholesterol Liposomes after intraperitoneal and intravenous injection into rats, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 674, 10-18. 

Roerdink, F., Dijkstra, J., Hartman, G., Bolscher, B., and Scher-phof, G. L. (1981). The involvement of parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial liver cells in the hepatic uptake of intravenously injected liposomes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 677, 79-89. 

Figure 2 Accumulation of liposomes of different sizes in liver and their retention in blood 24 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m-liposomes (distearoyl phos-phatidylcholine Chol PEG5ooo-DSPE oi-tocopherol 90 80 4.5 3.9 M ratio) in rabbits. About 11-17 mg phospholipid was administered.

Figure 4 A set of gamma camera images of a rabbit intravenously injected with Tc-99m-LEH. Twenty-five percent of blood was exchanged with liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) (hypovolemic) and the animal was imaged using a gamma camera at various times after infusion. The images clearly show a prolonged circulation of LEH as evidenced by the continued grayscale intensity in heart.

Amphotericin is an amphoteric polyene macrolide (polyene = containing many double bonds macrolide = containing a large lactone ring of 12 or more atoms). It is nearly insoluble in water and is therefore prepared as a colloidal suspension of amphotericin and sodium desoxycholate for intravenous injection. Several new formulations have been developed in which amphotericin is packaged in a lipid-associated delivery system (Table 48-1 and Liposomal Amphotericin B). 

The therapeutic efficacy of either systemic or local pulmonary delivery of the IFN-y gene was evaluated in a murine allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) model (Dow et al. 1999) and it was found that a high efficiency of gene transfer could be achieved. Intratracheal administered cationic liposomes were prepared from a mixture of l,2-diacylglycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EDMPC) and cholesterol. Intravenous injections were prepared from l,2-dioleyl-3-trimethylammo-ninm propane (DOTAP) and cholesterol and compared with pulmonary administered... 

We examined the biodistribution of cationic liposomes/pDNA complex following intravenous injection in mice and pharmacokinetically analyzed the data based on the clearance concept (Mahato etal., 1995a, 1997). These analyses showed that the pharmacokinetics of 32P-pDNA complexes depend on their mixing (charge) ratio, the type of cationic and helper lipids (Mahato et al., 1998). When analyzed using radioactivity counting following the injection of the complex prepared with 32P-pDNA, the tissue uptake clearance per g... 

Figure 20.3 Heterogeneous distribution of liposomes in tumor tissues. Human colon adenocarcinoma cells (LS174T) were transplanted in dorsal skinfold chambers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Fifteen to 32 days post tumor cell transplantation, fluorescently labeled liposomes were injected intravenously. The photos were taken at two days post injections. Liposomes accumulated only in perivascular regions in solid tumors. The arrows indicate liposomes internalized by cells. Iiar=100um. Reproduced with permission (Yuan etal., 1994).

Fidler, I. J. (1980) Therapy of spontaneous metastases by intravenous injection of liposomes containing lymphokines. Science 208, 1469-1471. 

Talmadge, J. E., Lenz, B. F., Klabansky, R, Simon, R, Riggs, C., Guo, S., Oldham, R K. and Fidler, I. J. (1986) Therapy of autochthonous skin cancers in mice with intravenously injected liposomes containing muramyltripeptide. Cancer Res 46, 1160-1163. 

I. J. fidler, S. Sone, and W. E, Fcgler, Eradication of apantaneoiis metasteses and activation of alveolar macrophages by intravenous injection of liposomes containing murmayl dipeptide. Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA 78 1500-1508 (1981). 

McCormack, B., and Gregoriadis, G. (1996), Comparative studies of the fate of free and liposome-entrapped hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin-drug complexes after intravenous injection into rats Implications in drug delivery, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1291, 237-244. 

Li, W., Ishida, T., Okada, N., and Kiwada, H. (2005), Increased gene expression by cationic liposomes (TFL-3) in lung metastases following intravenous injection, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28,701-706. 

Complexes of DNA with cationic lipid reagent, lipofectin, have been used successfully in in vivo gene delivery into cells of whole animals. Unlike the liposome delivery systems where the nucleic acids are encapsidated into liposome micelles, many micelles of cationic lipofectin form complexes with the nucleic acids. Intravenous injection of lipofectin complexes has been shown to result in the delivery of a foreign gene to lung tissue. This method has been used to introduce DNA into cells of the arterial wall in the space between the balloons of a double-balloon catheter (Nabel et al, 1990). 

Keep the suspension at room temperature for 2 h (or overnight at 4°C). In order to limit the maximum diameter of the liposomes for intravenous injection, the suspension can be filtered using sterile membrane filters with 3.0-pm pores (Millipore). 

Van Rooijen N, Van Nieuwmegen R (1984) Elimination of phagocytic cells in the spleen after intravenous injection of liposome encapsulated dichloromethylene -diphosphonate. An enzyme-histochemical study. Cell Tissue Res 238 355... 

Tumor-bearing animals were imaged prior and 4,24, and 48 h after intravenous injection of 2C5-modified and unmodified Gd-PAP-containing PEGylated liposomes. 

Fig. 4. Blood concentration (percentage of injected dose) versus time curves of DOPE CHEMs liposomal formulations following intravenous injection in rats noncoated liposomes (open squares), liposomes containing 5 mol% of PEG(2000)-DSPE (circles) and (DDGG)4(E0) 4 (diamonds). Each data point represents the arithmetic mean standard deviation (n=3). As the results show the most important property of the liposomes stabilized with 5 mol % (DDGG)4(E0) 4 is its excellent blood circulation versus both plain and DSPE-PEG(2000) stabilized vesicles. (Reproduced from ref. 38 with permission from Elsevier)...

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