Intramuscular delivery

Insulin 0.2 Oral and intramuscular delivery for treatment of diabetes Insulin... 

With proof of concept established that viral vector-delivered GAA can restore biochemical and histological phenotype of affected cells and cross-correct untransduced cells, these studies were quickly followed by in vivo assessment of Ad-mediated GAA delivery in animals. Intracardiac and intramuscular delivery of Ad-human GAA (hGAA) was performed in newborn rats by Pauly et al. (1998) resulting in 10- and 6-fold normal levels of GAA... 

Intraperitoneal or intramuscular delivery of particulates is known to result in lymphatic uptake, and may be a means of targeting lymph nodes local to the injection site in a more efficient manner than intravenous administration. ... 

The intramuscular delivery of nanospheres could be used to provide sustained localized drug delivery or for sustained systemic drug effects. The nanospheres could form a depot at the site of injection from which the drug could be released slowly in the local tissue and then absorbed for the systemic effect. This strategy is useful for drugs which require repeated administration such as growth factors or hormones ... 

Recently, water-soluble protein fractions, isolated from extracts of bone matrix, were incorporated into a collagen matrix and shown to induce bone (67,68) and cartilage formation both in vitro and in vivo (69,70). In the latter studies, in the absence of the collajgen delivery system, the proteins were incapable of inducing cartilage formation in vivo when implanted intramuscularly into mice. The success of this approach appears to depend on delivering the active agents at an effective dose over an extended time period. 

In this work we will focus on the use of the cubic phase as a delivery system for oligopeptides - Desmopressin, Lysine Vasopressin, Somatostatin and the Renin inhibitor H214/03. The amino acid sequences of these peptides are given in Table I. The work focuses on the cubic phase as a subcutaneous or intramuscular depot for extended release of peptide drugs, and as a vehicle for peptide uptake in the Gl-tract. Several examples of how the peptide drugs interact with this lipid-water system will be given in terms of phase behaviour, peptide self-diffusion, in vitro and in vivo release kinetics, and the ability of the cubic phase to protect peptides from enzymatic degradation in vitro. Part of this work has been described elsewhere (4-6). 

Sustained-release injections, subcutaneous and intramuscular, have been investigated in a variety of different formulations [217,218], Injections of degradable microspheres have efficiently prolonged delivery of numerous drugs [219-222], even antigenic substances and vaccines to produce immunity [223,224]. 

However, with respect to other delivery systems, microparticles could maintain their physicochemical characteristics unaltered for long periods, allowing long-term storage they can be administered through different ways (orally, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously), depending on their composition and they are suitable for industrial production [23,24],... 

As indicated in the discussion of axotomy models, the beneficial influences of trophic factors on motor neurons provide potential therapeutic opportunities. Although previous human trials have been disappointing (for review see [111,112]), adenoassociated viral (AAv) delivery of insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-l to muscle prolongs survival in mutant SOD1 mice [111]. Thus, following intramuscular injection, the retrograde transport of AAV-IGF-1 appears to provide trophic influences to motor neurons. 

Abstract The biological effects of fullerenes and, in particular, of C60 have been recognized since long time. One of the problems which hindered the application of fullerenes in medicinal chemistry regards their insolubility in water and water-based fluids. In the present chapter it is reported that C60 and C70 fullerenes are soluble in vegetable oils, in general, in esters of fatty acids and in free fatty acids. These results pave the way in the utilization of vegetable oils as vehicles in the delivery of fullerenes for both topical applications and internal use (e.g., intramuscular injection). 

Most small molecule drugs are formulated for oral delivery while large molecule biopharmaceuticals are injected via parenteral means intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and infusion. 

Testosterone (T.) derivatives for clinical use. T. esters for im. depot injection are T. propionate and T. heptanoate (or enanthate). These are given in oily solution by deep intramuscular injection. Upon diffusion of the ester from the depot, esterases quickly split off the acyl residue, to yield free T. With increasing lipophilicity, esters will tend to remain in the depot, and the duration of action therefore lengthens. A T. ester for oral use is the undecanoate. Owing to the fatty acid nature of undecanoic acid, this ester is absorbed into the lymph, enabling it to bypass the liver and enter, via the thoracic duct, the general circulation. 17-0 Methyltestosterone is effective by the oral route due to its increased metabolic stability, but because of the hepatotoxicity of Cl 7-alkylated androgens (cholestasis, tumors) its use should be avoided. Orally active mesterolone is 1 a-methyl-dihydrotestosterone. Trans-dermal delivery systems for T. are also available. 

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