Intracranial disorder

Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias Other primary headaches Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal Headache attributed to infection Headache attributed to disorder of homeostasis Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth, or other facial or cranial structures Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain... 

The narcotic antitussives are used cautiously in patients with head injury and increased intracranial pressure, acute abdominal disorders, convulsive disorders, hepatic or renal impairment, prostatic hypertrophy, and asthma or other respiratory conditions. 

Cause Most common is cerebrovascular occlusion. Other causes include intracranial hemorrhage, cardiac embolisms, infection, and clotting disorders. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Meningitis, basilar artery blood clots (thrombosis), cardioembolic stroke, cavernous sinus syndromes, cerebral venous blood clots (thrombosis), confusional states and acute memory disorders, epileptic and epileptiform encephalopathies, febrile seizures, haemophilus meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, subdural pus (empyema), or bruise (hematoma). 

IR concentrated oral solution and tablets/suppositories - Respiratory insufficiency or depression severe CNS depression attack of bronchial asthma heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease cardiac arrhythmias increased intracranial or CSF pressure head injuries brain tumor acute alcoholism delirium tremens convulsive disorders after biliary tract surgery suspected surgical abdomen surgical anastomosis concomitantly with MAOIs or within 14 days of such treatment paralytic ileus. 

CNS CNS effects including convulsions, increased intracranial pressure, and toxic psychosis have been reported with nalidixic acid therapy. Convulsive seizures have been reported with other drugs in this class. Quinolones also may cause CNS stimulation, which may lead to confusion, hallucinations, light-headedness, restlessness, and tremor. Therefore, use nalidixic acid with caution in patients with known or suspected CNS disorders (eg, cerebral arteriosclerosis, epilepsy) or other factors that predispose to seizures. If these reactions occur in patients receiving... 

Modern diuretics (natriuretics, saluretics), as used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, are administered with the aim to enhance the renal excretion of sodium ions and water. Older diuretics, such as the osmotic diuretic agents, are of little interest in the treatment of the aforementioned cardiovascular disorders, but may be used to lower intracranial pressure associated with brain edema. 

Contraindications CHF of any severity (see FDA Black Box) hemostatic disorders or active pathologic bleeding, such as bleeding peptic ulcer and intracranial bleeding... 

Ushman WA Intracranial infections, in Organic Psychiatry The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder, 2nd Edition. Edited by Ushman WA. London, Blackwell Scientific, 1987a, pp 289-313... 

High doses can provoke marked adverse effects in patients with neurological disorders, coronary heart disease, or disorders of the pituitary-adrenal axis, especially if the blood-brain barrier has been damaged (for example by a head injury or during intracranial surgery). Nonstandard doses should only be used in experimental work with well-designed safety precautions. 

A major type of headache that must be considered in differential diagnosis is that caused by underlying disease intracranial disturbances (e.g., vascular anomalies, infections, tumors, trauma) diseases involving the head and neck but not the brain (e.g., cervical osteoarthritis disorders of eye, ear, nose, sinuses, and throat cranial neuralgias) and systemic diseases (e.g., sudden and severe hypertension, hyperthyroidism). These headaches usually can be relieved by specific therapy for the underlying disorder (e.g., surgical correction of tumors, antibiotics for infections, antiarthritic drugs for osteoarthritis). 

Coronary vasospasm Intracranial hemorrhage or Stroke Ingestion of sympathomimetic agents Direct myocardial damage Cardiac contusion Direct current cardioversion Cardiac infiltrative disorders Chemotherapy Myocarditis Pericarditis... 

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