Intestine adenocarcinomas

Levamisole is used for initial and secondary immunodeficient conditions, autoinunune diseases, chronic and reoccurring infections, large intestine adenocarcinoma, helmintosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Synonyms of this drug are decaris, tetramizole, and others. 

Hunter J, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Epithelial secretion of vinblastine by human intestinal adenocarcinoma cell (HCT-8 and T84) layers expressing P-glycoprotein. Br J Cancer 1991 64(3) 437 144. 

However, the impact of Cryptosporidium species in human health could be still more important. Actually, we have reported recently that C. parvum is able to induce intestinal adenocarcinoma in SCID mice (Certad et al. 2007). This is the first demonstration of the ability of an Apicomplexan parasite to induce neoplastic lesions in an epithelinm. We do not know if C. parvum is able to cause intestinal neoplasia in hnmans, but a recent survey reported a high frequency of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with colorectal cancer (Sulzyc-Bielicka et al. 2007). 

Small intestinal adenocarcinomas stain diffusely and strongly with CKs 18 and 19. ° In contrast to normal small intestinal epithelium, nonampullary small intestinal adenocarcinomas tend to develop CK7 expression and lose CK20 expression. > 85 Approximately two thirds of small intestinal adenocarcinomas coexpress both CK7 and CK20, and the remaining 33% are... 

Fewer small intestinal adenocarcinomas (60% to 70%) express CDX2 and villin, compared with colorectal adenocarcinomas. 

CK7 and AMACR can help differentiate small intestinal adenocarcinomas (CK7-I-/AMACR-) from colorectal adenocarcinomas (CK7-/AMACR-I-). 

FIGURE 14.14 Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (A, H E stain). This is an example of a small intestinal adenocarcinoma that strongly expresses CK7 (B), CK20 (C), and CDX2 (D). 

Zhang MQ, Lin F, Hui P, et al. Expression of mucins, SIMA, villin, and CDX2 in small-intestinal adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 128 808-816. 

Raspollini MR, Nesi G, Baroni G, et al. Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis between primary and secondary intestinal adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Appl Immuno-histochem Mol Morphol. 2005 13 358. 

Intestinal-type endocervical adenocarcinoma and AIS contain goblet cells and intestinal type epithelium and may be mistaken for spread of primary intestinal adenocarcinoma. The intestinal marker CDX2 is expressed in intestinal type endocervical adenocarcinoma and AIS as well as in some non-intestinal types (Fig. 18.10). Therefore CDX2 does not help define site of origin. Instead, CK7, CK20, and pl6 should be used. Whereas primary endocervical adenocarcinoma expresses CK7 and pl6 but not CK20, the converse... 

FIGURE 18.10 Intestinal-type endocervical adenocarcinoma with prominent goblet cells (A) (H E) may resemble primary intestinal adenocarcinomas that spread to the cervix. CDX2 (B) is expressed in the nuclei of this variant of endocervical adenocarcinoma and therefore should not be used to determine site of origin. CK7, CK20, and pi 6 should be used instead. 

Pidlich J, Niederle B, Scheihauer W, Valent P, Vasoactive intestinal peptide-receptor imaging for the localization of intestinal adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. N. Engl. J. Med. 

An anomalously high efficacy is usually the result of the action of a protein transporter or endocytotic mechanism. Biological membranes contain protein components evolved specifically for transporting hydrophilic nutrients across the membrane. Cellular models that directly measure permeability from both passive diffusion and transport mechanisms have been developed for screening purposes using monolayers of Caco-2 intestinal adenocarcinoma cells or MDK canine kidney cells. 

Colin Tuma has had an intestinal adenocarcinoma resected, but there were several metastatic nodules in his liver (see Chapters 12 and 13). He completed his second course of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and had no serious side effects. He assured his physician at his most recent checkup that, this time, he intended to comply with any instructions his physicians gave him. He ruefully commented that he wished he had returned for regular examinations after his first round of surgery for benign intestinal polyps. 

Blaker H, Helmchen B, Bonisch A, Aulmann S, Penzel R, Otto HF, Riekta- RJ. Mutational activation of the RAS-RAF-MAPK and Wnt pathway in small intestinal adenocarcinomas. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004 39 748-53. 

Madara et al. (1983) evaluated the structural evolution of DMH-in-duced rat intestinal neoplasms using the same criteria that were applied to evaluate human colonic adenocarcinomas. These authors showed that many DMH-induced adenocarcinomas in rats have peripheral foci of adenomatous epithelium associated with them. In addition, the frequency of this association correlates inversely with the depth of invasion. These findings are similar to those seen in humans, which have been used as evidence supporting the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Thus, when assessed using equivalent criteria, DMH-induced intestinal adenocarcinomas appear to be similar to human colonic adenocarcinomas in their... 

The expression of iNOS was evaluated in diffuse and intestinal adenocarcinoma tumor according to Lauren s gastric cancer classification. Gastric carcinomas of the diffuse type are associated with a poor prognosis compared with tumors of the intestinal type high iNOS expression was found but no difference existed between the two types of tumors. Moreover the expression of Fas, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax, active caspase-3, and Ki-67 was investigated but no significant correlation was found between these apoptosis-related proteins and iNOS expression (Van der Woude et al. 2002). 

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