International Monetary Fund

IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2000). The Impact of Higher Oil Prices on the Global Economy. IMF. www.imf.org. 

IHDP IHP IIASA USD IM IMF International Human Dimensions Program International Hydrology Program International Institute for Applied System Analysis International Institute for Sustainable Development Illumination Model International Monetary Fund... 

Henao, J. and C. Baanante (1999) Nutrient depletion in the agricultural soils of Africa.- 2020 Brief 62, International Monetary Fund, IMF. Washington, D.C., USA. 

Hongkong and Shanghai Bank. Benbow got his present job at the recommendation of the British-influenced International Monetary Fund, according to a source at the IMF s Exchange and... 

Despite economic difficulties common to many Asian states in late 1997 and early 1998, the country optimistically maintains a political stability for future growth. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) figures in 1998, the inflation rate was 10.5 percent with 4.3 percent projected for 1999. The growth rate, previously over 8 percent, was less than 1 percent in 1998, but was anticipated to recuperate to approximately 4 to 6 percent in July 1999. The Gross National Product (GNP) is over US 10,000 per capita with about 7.5 percent of the GNP currently spent on healthcare. The exchange rate of the national currency (the Won) has fallen to about 1204 Won to the US (Status July 1999, Bank of Korea). 

Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales International Chamber of Commerce International Council of Chemical Associations International Chemical Environment programme Index of Corporate Environmental Engagement International Federation of Accountants International Labour Organisation International Monetary Fund... 

Sources This report was prepared from a variety of sources including excerpts from documents and official reports or databases published by the World Bank, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. State Department, various national agencies, the International Monetary Fund, the Central Intelligence Agency, the United Nations, ICON Group International, Inc. and ICON Group Ltd. 

Several models, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and ORNL, use historical data to predict the economic effects of oil price increases on various components and measures of the United States and the global economy. The IMF model (Mussa 2000) predicts that a 5 increase in the price of oil per barrel initially would reduce real GDP by about 0.3% and reduce demand by 0.4% among industrialized countries. This impact is slightly higher in the United States and Euro regions than in other industrialized countries (Mussa 2000). 

Auctions may be for a single object or a package of nonidentical items. Alternatively, auctions may be for multiple units where many units of a homogeneous, standardized good are to be sold, such as gold bullion in the auctions conducted by the International Monetary Fund and the U.S. Treasury in the 1970s and the weekly auctioning of securities by the Treasury. 

Svensson, L., 1994. Estimating and Interpreting Forward Interest Rates Sweden 1992-94. International Monetary Fund, Working Paper 114. 

The resources allocated to the UN by its member states are grossly inadequate. The annual budget for the core functions - the Secretariat operations in New York, Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and five Regional Commissions - is 1.25 billion. This is about 4% of New York City s annual budget - and nearly a billion dollars less than the yearly cost of Tokyo s Fire Department. The entire UN system (excluding the World Bank and International Monetary Fund) spends 12 billion a year. By comparison, annual world military expenditures - 1 trillion - would pay for the entire UN system for more than 65 years. 

The International Monetary Fund defines safety nets as instruments aimed at mitigating possible adverse effects of reform measures on the poor (Chu and Gupta 1998a). 

Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Katherine Baer. 1997. Colombia. In Teresa Ter-Minassian, ed.. Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice, pp. 457—503. Washington, DC International Monetary Fund. 

Baig, Taimur, Amine Mati, David Coady, and Joseph Ntamatungiro. 2007. Domestic Petroleum Product Prices and Subsidies Recent Developments and Reform Strategies. Working paper. Washington, DC International Monetary Fund. 

Chu, Ke-young, Hamid Davoodi, and Sanjeev Gupta. 2000. Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries. Working Paper WP/00/62. Washington, DC International Monetary Fund. 

Chu, Ke-young, and Sanjeev Gupta. 1998a. Economic Reforms, Social Safety Nets, and the Budget in Transition Economies. In Ke-young Ghu and Sanjeev Gupta, eds.. Social Safety Nets Issues and Recent Experiences, pp. 63—93. Washington, DG International Monetary Fund. 

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