International Electrotechnical Recommendation

The selection of electrical apparatus is related to the assignment of risk, e.g. Zone 0, 1 or 2 as specified in International Electrotechnical Recommendation lEC 79-10. The Zone determines the method of explosion protection required for the electrical equipment, and this affects the cost of installation. 

Another approach is to use a carefully selected standard platinum alloy for which the constants in Eqs. (6) and (8) are well known. In the mid-1980s, the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) recommended that ITS-90 be based on the Callendar-van Dusen interpolation formula and proposed constants for a Ft resistor with = 100 O A = 3.90802 X 10 5=-5.802 X 10 C =-4.27350 X 10 (or a = 0.00385, 8 = 1.50701, /3 = 0.111). The platinum wire used in platinum resistance thermometers that conform to this proposed standard is a platinum alloy containing small amounts of several different elements (mostly noble metals) adjusted so as to achieve the required a = 0.00385 K . This alloy is now widely used in Europe and by some American manufacturers of resistance thermometers note, however, that other American firms use a wire for which a = 0.00392 K . In spite of the fact that this lEC proposal was not adopted, the Callendar-van Dusen constants given above are a guide to appropriate values, which can always be checked by calibration. 

The International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) was founded in 1904 and is now affiliated with the International Organization for Standardization as a Technical Division. The lEC has a Technical Committee 15 on Electrical Insulating Materials, which is concerned with the standardization of testing methods and specifications in this special field. It met in Scheveningen, Netherlands, September 10 to 12,1952. Approved test methods and specifications are issued as recommendations and standards (16),... 

IEC 93, Recommended methods of test for volume and surface resistivities of electrical insulating materials, the International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneve (1958). 

IEC 250, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequencies including metre wavelengths, the International Electrotechnical Commision, Geneve (1969). 

In preparing this chapter, the aim of the author has been to provide a guide to the standardized practical methods. Since electrical measurement is the province of the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC). lEC standards have been preferred to ISO when both are in existence. Reference has also been made to a number of review papers with extensive bibliographies. If more fundamentally oriented discussion is required, the first volume of the handbook edited by Barnikas and Eichhorn is recommended [I]. 

Innal, F. et al. 2006. An attempt to understand better and apply some recommendations of lEC 61508 standard. In Langseth, H. Cojazzi, G. (eds). 30 ES R D4 seminar Proc., Trondheim, 7-8 June 2006. Ispra ESReDA International Electrotechnical Commission [lEC] (1 ) 2004. lEC 61511, Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector-All parts. Geneva lEC... 

The Underwriters Laboratories (UL) requires that consumer batteries pass a number of safety tests (UL 1642, and UL-2054 There are similar recommendations from United Nations for transport of dangerous goods, and from International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and Japan Battery Association. 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) requires that consumer batteries pass a number of safety tests (UL 1642 [119] and UL-2054 [120]). There are similar recommendations from UN for transport of dangerous goods, [121] the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), and the Japan Battery Association [122]. An abnormal increase in ceU temperature can occur from internal heating caused by either electrical abuse - overcharge or short circuit - or mechanical abuse - nail penetration or crush. Higher ceU temperature could also be a result of external... 

Some of the terms listed below do not appear in this book but will be encountered during broader reading. Since the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), http.//www.iec.ch, is working on fuel cell terminologies under Technical Committee 105, readers are strongly recommended to refer to the lEC s thorough explanations. 

Of course many variables will affect subjective tests and the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) has produced a recommended hstening room configuration for conducting tests on loudspeakers. See Fig. 3.67 (Toole). 

The standardization of batteries started in 1912, when a committee of the American Electrochemical Society recommended standard methods of testing dry cells. This eventually led to the first national publication in 1919 issued as an appendix to a circular from the National Bureau of Standards. It further evolved into the present American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Committee CIS on Portable Cells and Batteries. Since then, other professional societies have developed battery related standards. Many battery standards were also issued by international, national, military, and federal organizations. Manufacturers associations, trade associations, and individual manufacturers have published standards as well. Related application standards, published by the Underwriters Laboratories, the International Electrotechnical Commission, and other organizations that cover battery-operated equipment may also be of interest. 

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION, Recommended Practices for Seismic Qualification of Electrical Equipment of the Safety System for Nuclear Generating Stations, Rep. lEC 980,1st edn, lEC, Geneva (1989). 

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