Internal process assessment

Although there are many biocide alternatives available on the market, for example enzyme technology or bio-dispersants, there appears to be a continued requirement for the use of biocides in order to reduce the levels of microbiological contamination entering the paper making process. The increased awareness of environmental and safety aspects will continue to play an important role on the selection of biocides for paper making processes. The use of legislation to select biocides must be done in parallel with each plants internal risk assessment. No one biocide active will meet all the criteria set out by different European countries and hence the use of these actives must be carefully assessed on a plant by plant basis. 

In large laboratories, where dozens or even hundreds of different types of analyses are carried out, an additional internal process to test the quality system is particularly important. An external assessment team can only hope to observe and assess in detail a relatively small number of the analyses during each visit, so there may be years between any one of a laboratory s externally assessed analyses being re-examined in detail. Laboratories may not have entered all of the analyses that they carry out in their scope of external accreditation. If they wish to ensure quality is maintained in these other areas of their work, an internal... 

The discussion of sigma (a) given earlier deals with the natural variation in the process.Consequently, we denote the measurement of a as a measure of the voice of the process. This is clearly an internally focused assessment of process capability, i.e., the voice of the process. The probability of a defect in the process, i.e., failure to meet customer expectations, is commonly defined in terms of DPMO. The focus of DFSS is to achieve a minimum of six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification ( 6a), corresponding to 3.4 DPMO. Because the specifications are set to meet customer needs, six sigma in this... 

QA (the activities and functions concerned with the attainment of quality). This can take into account the establishment of GLP in the laboratory environment (of research as well as QC), as well as GMP in the production environment. It is concerned with the manufacturing facilities, together with the systems, procedures and disciplines that guarantee that manufacture is right first time. It is equally concerned with the operation of the internal quality assessment systems, which should include efficient self-checking by production of the production process as well as the independent measurement of quality conformance by QC. 

Inhalation is a prominent pathway for radiation dose contributions from environmental or occupational intake of radioactive iodine. The ability to model and predict the kinetics of iodine in the body can be used for internal dosimetric assessments that predict the radiation dose delivered to various tissues. These assessments may be used to assess risk to the individual from inhalation intakes of radioactive iodine, which may occur through two distinct processes depending on its physical form. Iodine bound to particulates may be deposited in the respiratory tract, and iodine gas may be taken up by various tissues in the respiratory system during the breathing cycle. Inhalation models are necessary for estimates of iodine uptake and deposition that may result in radiation dose to workers or members of the public. 

Standardized internal processes that constitute the assessment program... 

For most products and machines, the self-declaration process (module A) is possible. In practice the manufacturer performs the complete product assessment according to EU standards, issues the declaration, and affixes the CE marking to the product. A technical file or documentation must also be available on demand for national enforcement authorities. Keep in mind that this is an internal self-assessment process, a do-it-yourself approach, that results in issuance of the manufacturer s declaration of conformity and the CE marking (Figure 2-6). The buyer may demand proof of safety/EMC compliance in the form of a mark, certificate, or test report from a European notified or competent body. 

Phaal, R., Farmli, C.J.P., Probert, D. R. 2001. Technology management process assessment a case study. International Journal of Operations Production Management. Vol. 21, No. 8 1116-1132. 

Assessments are commonly conducted prior to the implementation of behavioral safety processes. Assessments may be conducted internally, or one of numerous safety consultants who perform safety assessments may be hired for this purpose. The purpose of safety assessments is to determine an organization s current level of safety performance and provide recommendations for improvement. 

Jenkins, S., Forbes, S., Durrani, T. S. and Banerjee, S. K. 1997a Managing the Product Development Process - Part I an assessment. International Journal of Technology Management, 13(4), 359-378. 

Now that you have determined the likely savings in terms of annual process and waste-treatment operating costs associated with each option, consider the necessary investment required to implement each option. Investment can be assessed by looking at the payback period for each option that is, the time taken for a project to recover its financial outlay. A more detailed investment analysis may involve an assessment of the internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) of the investment based on discounted cash flows. An analysis of investment risk allows you to rank the options identified. 

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